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20

What is the purpose of adding azo and triphenyl compounds in foods?

Apakah tujuan mencampurkan sebatian azo dan trifenil dalam makanan?


A To stabilise the oil in water

Untuk menstabilkan minyak di dalam air


B To enhance the taste and flavour of foods

Untuk meningkatkan rasa dan perisa makanan


C To prevent the foods from being oxidised

Untuk mengelakkan makanan daripada teroksida


D To improve the appearance of foods by restoring their colours

Untuk memperbaiki rupa makanan dengan memulihkan warna makanan berkenaan

19 Which of the following chemical equations represents the reaction of preparation of soap? Diantara persamaan kimia berikut, yang manakah mewakili tindak balas penyediaan sabun? A Ethanoic acid + ethanol ethyl ethanoate + water Asid etanoik + etanol etil etanoat + air B Oil + sodium hydroxide glycerol + sodium palmitate Minyak + natrium hidroksida gliserol + natrium palmitat C Glucose + yeast ethanol + carbon dioxide Glukosa + yis etanol + karbon dioksida D Alkylbenzene sulphonic acid + sodium hydroxide sodium alkylbenzene sulphonate + water Asid alkilbenzena sulfonik + natrium hidroksida natrium alkilbenzena sulfonat + air 20 Why detergents more effective than soaps? Kenapakah detergen lebih berkesan berbanding dengan sabun? A Detergents are biodegradable whereas soaps are non biodegradble. Detergen boleh terbiodegradasi manakala sabun tidak terbiodegradasi. Detergents reduce the surface tension of water, whereas soaps do not. Detergen merendahkan ketegangan permukaan air manakala sabun tidak merendahkan ketegangan permukaan air. C Detergents do not form scum in hard water, whereas soaps do. Detergen tidak membentuk kekat didalam air liat manakala sabun membentuk kekat. D Detergents are soluble in grease, whereas soaps are insoluble in grease. Detergen larut dalam gris manakala sabun tidak larut dalam gris.
19 Which of the following medicines is not an analgesic? A Aspirin B Codeine C Paracetamol

D Streptomycin

20 A B C D

Which of the following food additives is an antioxidant ? Benzoic acid Ascorbic acid Sodium nitrate Ethyl ethanoate

49

Which substance is normally used as a substitute for aspartame in food and drinks? Bahan manakah yang biasa diguna sebagai pengganti bagi aspartam dalam makanan dan minuman? A B C D Salt Garam Chilly Cili Sugar Gula Vinegar Cuka

50

Afiqah is not feeling well. She goes to the clinic and the doctor prescribes streptomycin. Afiqah merasa tidak sihat. Dia pergi ke klinik dan doktor memberinya streptomisin.

What type of medicine is streptomycin? Apakah jenis ubat streptomisin? A B C D Analgesic Analgesik Antibiotic Antibiotik Antipsychotic Antipsikotik Psychotherapeutic Psikoteraputik

20

Antara bahan tambah makanan berikut, yang manakah merupakan pengantioksida? A Asid benzoik

B Asid askorbik C Natriumnitrat D Etil etanoat 50 A patient is always sad and depress. Which of the following medicine is suitable to treat this patient?

Seorang pesakit selalu berasa sedih dan murung. Antara ubat berikut, yang manakah sesuai untuk merawat pesakit tersebut?
A Codeine

Kodena
B Penicilin

Penisilin
C Barbiturate

Barbiturat
D Paracetamol

Parasetamol

3. (a) Benzoic acid is an example of food additives that can be used when processing food.
semasa Asid benzoik adalah satu contoh bahan tambah makanan yang boleh digunakan memproses makanan.

(i)

What is meant by food additives?


Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan bahan tambah makanan?

................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (ii) What is the function of benzoic acid?


Apakah fungsi asid benzoik?

................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (iii) and fine? What type of food additives that makes the texture of ice cream smooth

Apakah jenis bahan tambah makanan yang menjadikan tekstur ais krim halus dan sekata?

................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (iv) The implication of taking excess food additives can cause side effects. State one side effect to the consumer.
menyebabkan Implikasi pengambilan bahan tambah makanan yang berlebihan boleh kesan sampingan. Nyatakan satu kesan sampingan kepada pengguna.

................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(b) medicine
digunakan

Antibiotic, psychotherapeutic medicine and analgesic are several types of used to cure patients.
Antibiotik, ubat psikoterapeutik dan analgesik merupakan beberapa jenis ubat yang untuk mengubati pesakit.

Table 3 shows the information about types of medicine.


Jadual 3 menunjukkan maklumat tentang jenis-jenis ubat.

Type of medicine
Jenis ubat

Example
Contoh

Antibiotic
Antibiotik

Penicillin
Penisilin

Psychotherapeutic medicine
Ubat psikoterapeutik

Tranquilizer
Trankuilizer

Table 3
Jadual 3

(i)

What are the functions of penicillin and tranquilizer?


Apakah fungsi penisilin dan trankuilizer?

Function of penicillin:
Fungsi penisilin:

...................................................................................................................................

Function of tranquilizer:
Fungsi trankuilizer:

................................................................................................................................... [2 marks] (ii) Doctor advised the patient to finish all the antibiotic given. After two days of taking antibiotic, the patient feels healthy and stops taking the antibiotic. What is the effect of this action to the patient?
Doktor menasihatkan pesakit untuk menghabiskan semua antibiotik yang diberikan. Selepas dua hari mengambil antibiotik, pesakit tersebut berasa sihat dan berhenti mengambil antibiotik itu. Apakah kesan tindakan ini terhadap pesakit?

...................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(iii)

Diagram 3 shows the structural formula of aspirin.


Rajah 3 menunjukkan formula struktur bagi aspirin.

Diagram 3
Rajah 3

Write the molecular formula and empirical formula of aspirin?


Tuliskan formula molekul dan formula empirik bagi aspirin?

Molecular formula: Formula molekul: ........................................................................ Empirical formula: Formula empirik: .....................................................................

[2 marks] (iv) Calculate the relative molecular mass of aspirin. [Relative Atomic Mass: C= 12, H= 1, O= 16]
Hitung jisim molekul relatif bagi aspirin. [Jisim atom relatif: C= 12, H= 1, O= 16]

[1 mark]

3.

The mixture of 5.0 cm3 palm oil and 50 cm3 of 5 mol dm -3 sodium hydroxide solutions are boiled in a beaker. Glass rod is used to stir the mixture. Then 3 spatula of solid sodium chloride and 50 cm3 of distilled water are added. The mixture is heated for another 5 minutes and then allowed to cool.
Campuran 5.0 cm minyak sawit dan 50 cm larutan natrium hidroksida 5 mol dm dididihkan dalam bikar. Rod kaca digunakan untuk mengacau campuran itu. 3 3 spatula pepejal natrium klorida dan 50 cm air suling ditambahkan. Campuran dipanaskan lagi selama 5 minit dan kemudian disejukkan.
3 3 -3

a)

(i)

Name the process involved.


Namakan proses yang terlibat.

......... [1 mark] (ii) Sodium chloride is added into the mixture.Why?


Natrium klorida ditambah kepada campuran.Mengapa?

.. [1 mark]

b)

Diagram 3.1 shows part of the washing action of soap particles on a cloth stained with grease.

Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada tindakan pencucian oleh zarah-zarah sabun ke atas kotoran bergris pada kain.

Water
Air

Grease
Gris

Cloth
Kain

Diagram 3.1
Rajah 3.1

(i)

State the part of a soap particle that is soluble in water.

Nyatakan bahagian zarah sabun yang larut dalam gris.

............................................................................................................................. ......[1 mark]

(ii)

What is the effect of soap on the surface tension of water?

Apakah kesan sabun ke atas ketegangan permukaan air?

................................................... [1 mark] (iii) Based on diagram 3.1, explain how does the anion of soap act on grease?

Berdasarkan rajah 3.1, terangkan bagaimana anion sabun bertindak ke atas gris?

............................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ [2 marks]

Cloth
Kain

Soap + soft water


Sabun + air lembut

Cloth
Kain

Soap + hard water


Sabun + air liat

Grease
Gris

Grease
Gris

Beaker P
Bikar P

Diagram 3.2
Rajah 3.2

Beaker Q
Bikar Q

c)

Based on Diagram 3.2


Berdasarkan Rajah 3.2

(i)

What is the difference between soft water and hard water?


Apakah perbezan antara air lembut dan air liat?

...................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................... [2 marks]

(ii)

In which beaker is the soap more effective as cleaning agent? Explain why.

Dalam bikar manakah sabun bertindak lebih berkesan sebagai agen pembersih?Terangkan mengapa.

...................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................... [2 marks]

Diagram 3.1 shows the aloe vera plant.

Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan pokok lidah buaya.

Diagram 3.1

Rajah 3.1
Aloe vera plant can be used as a traditional medicine.

Pokok lidah buaya boleh digunakan sebagai ubat tradisional.


(a) (i) State one function of aloe vera as a traditional medicine.

Nyatakan satu fungsi pokok lidah buaya sebagai ubat tradisional.


. [1 mark] (ii) Name one traditional medicine that can cure wind in the body.

Namakan satu ubat tradisional yang dapat merawat angin dalam badan.
. [1 mark]

(b)

Table 3 shows the two types of medicine and their example.

Jadual 3 menunjukkan dua jenis ubat moden dan contohnya.


Type of medicine Example

Jenis ubat
X Y Table 3

Contoh
Aspirin

Aspirin
Streptomycin

Sreptomisin Jadual 3

Based on the Table 3, answer the following questions :

Berdasarkan Jadual 3, jawab soalan-soalan berikut :

(i)

State X and Y:

Nyatakan X dan Y:
X : Y : [2 marks] (ii) Why must a patient complete all the streptomycin as prescribed by the doctor?

Mengapa pesakit perlu mengambil hingga habis ubat streptomisin seperti yang disarankan oleh doctor ?
. . [2 marks] (iii)

A doctor found that a patient is suffered with tuberculosis and pneumonia. State a suitable medicine that can be prescribed by the doctor. Seorang doktor mendapati pesakitnya mengalami penyakit tibi dan pneumonia . Apakah jenis ubat yang sesuai disarankan oleh doktor tersebut.
. [1 mark]

(c)

Diagram 3.2 shows the set-up of apparatus set-up to prepare soap.

Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi menyediakan sabun.

Distilled water

Air suling
Palm oil

Minyak sawit
+ Concentrated Sodium hydroxide solution

+ Sodium chloride

Natrium klorida

Larutan natrium hidroksida pekat

Heat

Panaskan

Diagram 3.2

Rajah 3.2
(i) Name the process for the preparation of soap.

Namakan proses bagi penyediaan sabun.


. [1 mark] (ii) CH3 Diagram 3.3 shows the structure of a soap ion.

Rajah 3.3 menunjukkan struktur satu ion sabun.


CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CO O Part X Part Y

Bahagian X

Bahagian Y

Diagram 3.3

Rajah 3.3
State the part of the soap ion that is soluble in water.

Nyatakan bahagian ion sabun yang larut dalam air.


. [1 mark]

(iii)

The oily stains on cloth cannot be removed when wash in hard water by using soap. Explain why.

Kotoran berminyak pada pakaian tidak dapat ditanggalkan apabila

dibersihkan dalam air liat dengan menggunakan sabun. Terangkan mengapa.


. . . [2 marks]

8 Diagram 8.1 shows the apparatus set up of an experiment to compare the hardness of a pure metal and its alloy. Rajah 8 .1 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi satu eksperimen untuk membandingkan kekerasan logam tulen dengan aloinya.

1 kg weight

Steel ball Metal block Diagram 8.1 (a) Name a suitable metal block and an alloy of the metal to be used in the experiment. Namakan blok logam dan aloi yang sesuai digunakan dalam eksperimen tersebut. [ 2 marks]

(b) The results obtained from the experiment are recorded in table 8.2. Type of block Diameter of dent on metal block/cm Diameter of dent on alloy block/cm Diameter of dent/cm 1 2 3.00 1.90 3.20 2.00 Average/cm

Table 8.2 Calculate the average diameter for both the blocks. Explain the differences. Hitungkan diameter purata untuk kedua-dua blok. Terangkan perbezaannya. [8 marks]

(c)

These information are written on the back of a soft drink pack. Maklumat berikut ditulis di belakang sebuah kotak minuman ringan. Ingredients: Ramuan:

Water, aspartame, citric acid, octyl butanoate and tartazine

Air, aspartame, asid sitrik, oktil butanoat dan tartazin


Based on the ingredients used, classify the types of food additives used in this soft drink. Berdasarkan ramuan yang digunakan, kelaskan jenis bahan tambah yang terkandung dalam minuman ringan ini. [4 marks] (d)

Patient X suffers from tuberculosis which is caused by a certain bacteria. Patient Y suffers from long depression caused by an unfortunate accident. Pesakit X mengalami batuk kering yang disebabkan oleh sejenis bakteria. Pesakit Y mengalami tekanan perasaan yang berpanjangan akibat satu kemalangan. Suggest a type of medicine that should be taken by each patient, the prescription that must be followed and a reason why the prescription must be followed by them. Cadangkan ubat yang patut diberikan kepada setiap pesakit, preskripsi yang perlu dipatuhi dan mengapa preskripsi tersebut perlu dipatuhi oleh mereka. [6 marks] 9 (a) Food additives are chemicals that are used in processed food. They help to make food last longer, look better and taste more delicious. State the food additives that are suitable to be used for the above purposes and explain how the additives act. Bahan tambah makanan merupakan bahan kimia yang digunakan dalam makanan yang diproses. Ia menolong menjadikan makanan tahan lama, kelihatan menarik dan lebih sedap. Nyatakan bahan tambah makanan yang sesuai digunakan untuk tujuan di atas dan terangkan bagaimana bahan ini bertindak. [6 marks] [6 markah] [9 marks] [9 markah]

(a)

Diagram 6.1 shows the flow chart for the preparation of detergent B. Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan carta aliran untuk penyediaan detergen B.

Process P Proses P CH3(CH2)nCH2OH

O CH3(CH2)nCH2 O S - O-H O Alkyl sulphonic acid Asid alkil sulfonik

Sodium hydroxide solution Larutan natrium hidroksida

Process Q Proses Q

O CH3(CH2)nCH2 O S - O- Na+ O Detergent B Detergen B

Diagram 6.1 Rajah 6.1 (i) Name detergent B. Namakan detergen B. .. [1 mark] [1 markah] (ii) State the Process Q. Nyatakan Proses Q. .. [1 mark] [1 markah] Based on the structure of detergent B, circle and label the hydrophilic part and hydrophobic part. Berdasarkan struktur detergen B, bulatkan dan labelkan bahagian hidrofilik dan hidrofobik.

(b)

CH3(CH2)nCH2 O S O-H O [2 marks] [2 markah] (c)(i) The cleansing action of a detergent is more effective than soap in hard water. Tindakan pencucian detergen adalah lebih berkesan daripada sabun dalam air liat. (i) What is hard water? Apakah air liat? 6(c)(i) .. [1 mark] [1 markah] Explain why detergent is more effective than soap in hard water. Terangkan mengapa detergen adalah lebih berkesan daripada sabun dalam air liat. .. .. [2 marks] [2 markah] (d) Diagram 6.2 shows a label of food packages. Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan satu label pembungkus makanan.

(ii)

MINT CANDY ICE CREAM AIS KRIM MINT CANDY


Ingredients: Bahan-bahan: Glucose syrup, Menthol, Brilliant Blue Sirup glukos, Mentol, Brilliant Biru Product by: Produk oleh: Wonder Company, Serdang,Selangor. Net Weight: 500g Berat Bersih: 500g Exp.Date: 03112012 Tarikh Luput: 03112012

Diagram 6.2 Rajah 6.2 (i) Name one food additive used in the ice cream. Namakan satu bahan tambah makanan dalam ais krim ini.

.. [1 mark] [1 markah] (ii) State the function of the food additive in (d)(i). Nyatakan fungsi bahan tambah makanan dalam (d)(i). .. [1 mark] [1 markah] (iii) Ethyl butanoate is an example of ester. Draw the structural formula of ethyl butanoate. Etil butanoat adalah satu contoh ester. Lukiskan formula struktur bagi etil butanoat.

[1 mark] [1 markah]

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