Professional Documents
Culture Documents
19 Which of the following chemical equations represents the reaction of preparation of soap? Diantara persamaan kimia berikut, yang manakah mewakili tindak balas penyediaan sabun? A Ethanoic acid + ethanol ethyl ethanoate + water Asid etanoik + etanol etil etanoat + air B Oil + sodium hydroxide glycerol + sodium palmitate Minyak + natrium hidroksida gliserol + natrium palmitat C Glucose + yeast ethanol + carbon dioxide Glukosa + yis etanol + karbon dioksida D Alkylbenzene sulphonic acid + sodium hydroxide sodium alkylbenzene sulphonate + water Asid alkilbenzena sulfonik + natrium hidroksida natrium alkilbenzena sulfonat + air 20 Why detergents more effective than soaps? Kenapakah detergen lebih berkesan berbanding dengan sabun? A Detergents are biodegradable whereas soaps are non biodegradble. Detergen boleh terbiodegradasi manakala sabun tidak terbiodegradasi. Detergents reduce the surface tension of water, whereas soaps do not. Detergen merendahkan ketegangan permukaan air manakala sabun tidak merendahkan ketegangan permukaan air. C Detergents do not form scum in hard water, whereas soaps do. Detergen tidak membentuk kekat didalam air liat manakala sabun membentuk kekat. D Detergents are soluble in grease, whereas soaps are insoluble in grease. Detergen larut dalam gris manakala sabun tidak larut dalam gris.
19 Which of the following medicines is not an analgesic? A Aspirin B Codeine C Paracetamol
D Streptomycin
20 A B C D
Which of the following food additives is an antioxidant ? Benzoic acid Ascorbic acid Sodium nitrate Ethyl ethanoate
49
Which substance is normally used as a substitute for aspartame in food and drinks? Bahan manakah yang biasa diguna sebagai pengganti bagi aspartam dalam makanan dan minuman? A B C D Salt Garam Chilly Cili Sugar Gula Vinegar Cuka
50
Afiqah is not feeling well. She goes to the clinic and the doctor prescribes streptomycin. Afiqah merasa tidak sihat. Dia pergi ke klinik dan doktor memberinya streptomisin.
What type of medicine is streptomycin? Apakah jenis ubat streptomisin? A B C D Analgesic Analgesik Antibiotic Antibiotik Antipsychotic Antipsikotik Psychotherapeutic Psikoteraputik
20
Antara bahan tambah makanan berikut, yang manakah merupakan pengantioksida? A Asid benzoik
B Asid askorbik C Natriumnitrat D Etil etanoat 50 A patient is always sad and depress. Which of the following medicine is suitable to treat this patient?
Seorang pesakit selalu berasa sedih dan murung. Antara ubat berikut, yang manakah sesuai untuk merawat pesakit tersebut?
A Codeine
Kodena
B Penicilin
Penisilin
C Barbiturate
Barbiturat
D Paracetamol
Parasetamol
3. (a) Benzoic acid is an example of food additives that can be used when processing food.
semasa Asid benzoik adalah satu contoh bahan tambah makanan yang boleh digunakan memproses makanan.
(i)
................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (iii) and fine? What type of food additives that makes the texture of ice cream smooth
Apakah jenis bahan tambah makanan yang menjadikan tekstur ais krim halus dan sekata?
................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (iv) The implication of taking excess food additives can cause side effects. State one side effect to the consumer.
menyebabkan Implikasi pengambilan bahan tambah makanan yang berlebihan boleh kesan sampingan. Nyatakan satu kesan sampingan kepada pengguna.
................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]
(b) medicine
digunakan
Antibiotic, psychotherapeutic medicine and analgesic are several types of used to cure patients.
Antibiotik, ubat psikoterapeutik dan analgesik merupakan beberapa jenis ubat yang untuk mengubati pesakit.
Type of medicine
Jenis ubat
Example
Contoh
Antibiotic
Antibiotik
Penicillin
Penisilin
Psychotherapeutic medicine
Ubat psikoterapeutik
Tranquilizer
Trankuilizer
Table 3
Jadual 3
(i)
Function of penicillin:
Fungsi penisilin:
...................................................................................................................................
Function of tranquilizer:
Fungsi trankuilizer:
................................................................................................................................... [2 marks] (ii) Doctor advised the patient to finish all the antibiotic given. After two days of taking antibiotic, the patient feels healthy and stops taking the antibiotic. What is the effect of this action to the patient?
Doktor menasihatkan pesakit untuk menghabiskan semua antibiotik yang diberikan. Selepas dua hari mengambil antibiotik, pesakit tersebut berasa sihat dan berhenti mengambil antibiotik itu. Apakah kesan tindakan ini terhadap pesakit?
...................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]
(iii)
Diagram 3
Rajah 3
Molecular formula: Formula molekul: ........................................................................ Empirical formula: Formula empirik: .....................................................................
[2 marks] (iv) Calculate the relative molecular mass of aspirin. [Relative Atomic Mass: C= 12, H= 1, O= 16]
Hitung jisim molekul relatif bagi aspirin. [Jisim atom relatif: C= 12, H= 1, O= 16]
[1 mark]
3.
The mixture of 5.0 cm3 palm oil and 50 cm3 of 5 mol dm -3 sodium hydroxide solutions are boiled in a beaker. Glass rod is used to stir the mixture. Then 3 spatula of solid sodium chloride and 50 cm3 of distilled water are added. The mixture is heated for another 5 minutes and then allowed to cool.
Campuran 5.0 cm minyak sawit dan 50 cm larutan natrium hidroksida 5 mol dm dididihkan dalam bikar. Rod kaca digunakan untuk mengacau campuran itu. 3 3 spatula pepejal natrium klorida dan 50 cm air suling ditambahkan. Campuran dipanaskan lagi selama 5 minit dan kemudian disejukkan.
3 3 -3
a)
(i)
.. [1 mark]
b)
Diagram 3.1 shows part of the washing action of soap particles on a cloth stained with grease.
Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada tindakan pencucian oleh zarah-zarah sabun ke atas kotoran bergris pada kain.
Water
Air
Grease
Gris
Cloth
Kain
Diagram 3.1
Rajah 3.1
(i)
(ii)
................................................... [1 mark] (iii) Based on diagram 3.1, explain how does the anion of soap act on grease?
Berdasarkan rajah 3.1, terangkan bagaimana anion sabun bertindak ke atas gris?
Cloth
Kain
Cloth
Kain
Grease
Gris
Grease
Gris
Beaker P
Bikar P
Diagram 3.2
Rajah 3.2
Beaker Q
Bikar Q
c)
(i)
...................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................... [2 marks]
(ii)
In which beaker is the soap more effective as cleaning agent? Explain why.
Dalam bikar manakah sabun bertindak lebih berkesan sebagai agen pembersih?Terangkan mengapa.
...................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................... [2 marks]
Diagram 3.1
Rajah 3.1
Aloe vera plant can be used as a traditional medicine.
Namakan satu ubat tradisional yang dapat merawat angin dalam badan.
. [1 mark]
(b)
Jenis ubat
X Y Table 3
Contoh
Aspirin
Aspirin
Streptomycin
Sreptomisin Jadual 3
(i)
State X and Y:
Nyatakan X dan Y:
X : Y : [2 marks] (ii) Why must a patient complete all the streptomycin as prescribed by the doctor?
Mengapa pesakit perlu mengambil hingga habis ubat streptomisin seperti yang disarankan oleh doctor ?
. . [2 marks] (iii)
A doctor found that a patient is suffered with tuberculosis and pneumonia. State a suitable medicine that can be prescribed by the doctor. Seorang doktor mendapati pesakitnya mengalami penyakit tibi dan pneumonia . Apakah jenis ubat yang sesuai disarankan oleh doktor tersebut.
. [1 mark]
(c)
Distilled water
Air suling
Palm oil
Minyak sawit
+ Concentrated Sodium hydroxide solution
+ Sodium chloride
Natrium klorida
Heat
Panaskan
Diagram 3.2
Rajah 3.2
(i) Name the process for the preparation of soap.
Bahagian X
Bahagian Y
Diagram 3.3
Rajah 3.3
State the part of the soap ion that is soluble in water.
(iii)
The oily stains on cloth cannot be removed when wash in hard water by using soap. Explain why.
8 Diagram 8.1 shows the apparatus set up of an experiment to compare the hardness of a pure metal and its alloy. Rajah 8 .1 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi satu eksperimen untuk membandingkan kekerasan logam tulen dengan aloinya.
1 kg weight
Steel ball Metal block Diagram 8.1 (a) Name a suitable metal block and an alloy of the metal to be used in the experiment. Namakan blok logam dan aloi yang sesuai digunakan dalam eksperimen tersebut. [ 2 marks]
(b) The results obtained from the experiment are recorded in table 8.2. Type of block Diameter of dent on metal block/cm Diameter of dent on alloy block/cm Diameter of dent/cm 1 2 3.00 1.90 3.20 2.00 Average/cm
Table 8.2 Calculate the average diameter for both the blocks. Explain the differences. Hitungkan diameter purata untuk kedua-dua blok. Terangkan perbezaannya. [8 marks]
(c)
These information are written on the back of a soft drink pack. Maklumat berikut ditulis di belakang sebuah kotak minuman ringan. Ingredients: Ramuan:
Patient X suffers from tuberculosis which is caused by a certain bacteria. Patient Y suffers from long depression caused by an unfortunate accident. Pesakit X mengalami batuk kering yang disebabkan oleh sejenis bakteria. Pesakit Y mengalami tekanan perasaan yang berpanjangan akibat satu kemalangan. Suggest a type of medicine that should be taken by each patient, the prescription that must be followed and a reason why the prescription must be followed by them. Cadangkan ubat yang patut diberikan kepada setiap pesakit, preskripsi yang perlu dipatuhi dan mengapa preskripsi tersebut perlu dipatuhi oleh mereka. [6 marks] 9 (a) Food additives are chemicals that are used in processed food. They help to make food last longer, look better and taste more delicious. State the food additives that are suitable to be used for the above purposes and explain how the additives act. Bahan tambah makanan merupakan bahan kimia yang digunakan dalam makanan yang diproses. Ia menolong menjadikan makanan tahan lama, kelihatan menarik dan lebih sedap. Nyatakan bahan tambah makanan yang sesuai digunakan untuk tujuan di atas dan terangkan bagaimana bahan ini bertindak. [6 marks] [6 markah] [9 marks] [9 markah]
(a)
Diagram 6.1 shows the flow chart for the preparation of detergent B. Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan carta aliran untuk penyediaan detergen B.
Process Q Proses Q
Diagram 6.1 Rajah 6.1 (i) Name detergent B. Namakan detergen B. .. [1 mark] [1 markah] (ii) State the Process Q. Nyatakan Proses Q. .. [1 mark] [1 markah] Based on the structure of detergent B, circle and label the hydrophilic part and hydrophobic part. Berdasarkan struktur detergen B, bulatkan dan labelkan bahagian hidrofilik dan hidrofobik.
(b)
CH3(CH2)nCH2 O S O-H O [2 marks] [2 markah] (c)(i) The cleansing action of a detergent is more effective than soap in hard water. Tindakan pencucian detergen adalah lebih berkesan daripada sabun dalam air liat. (i) What is hard water? Apakah air liat? 6(c)(i) .. [1 mark] [1 markah] Explain why detergent is more effective than soap in hard water. Terangkan mengapa detergen adalah lebih berkesan daripada sabun dalam air liat. .. .. [2 marks] [2 markah] (d) Diagram 6.2 shows a label of food packages. Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan satu label pembungkus makanan.
(ii)
Diagram 6.2 Rajah 6.2 (i) Name one food additive used in the ice cream. Namakan satu bahan tambah makanan dalam ais krim ini.
.. [1 mark] [1 markah] (ii) State the function of the food additive in (d)(i). Nyatakan fungsi bahan tambah makanan dalam (d)(i). .. [1 mark] [1 markah] (iii) Ethyl butanoate is an example of ester. Draw the structural formula of ethyl butanoate. Etil butanoat adalah satu contoh ester. Lukiskan formula struktur bagi etil butanoat.
[1 mark] [1 markah]