Dinamika Gerak Sma 10

Mata pelajaran
: Fisika
Standar Kompetensi
: Menerapkan Konsep dan Prinsip dasar kinematika dan dinamika benda

titik
Kompetensi Dasar
: 2.2. Menerapkan hukum Newton sebagai prinsip dasar dinamika untuk

gerak lurus
Kelas/ Semester
: X/ 1 (satu)
Alokasi Waktu
: 10 Jam Pelajaran
BAB 3 DINAMIKA GERAK
RINGKASAN MATERI
Dinamika adalah: Ilmu yang mempelajari tentang gerak suatu benda dengan meninjau penyebab dari gerak
benda tersebut.
1.
Hukum Newton
a.
Hukum I Newton
Hukum I Newton menyatakan: Bila resultan gaya yang bekerja pada benda sama dengan nol atau
tidak ada gaya yang bekerja pada benda, maka benda yang diam akan tetap diam atau benda yang
bergerak lurus beraturan akan tetap bergerak lurus beraturan. Hukum I Newton mengungkapkan
tentang sifat benda yang cenderung mempertahankan kedudukanya atau dengan kata lain sifat
kemalasan bendauntuk mengubah kedudukanya. Sifat ini disebut Kelembaman/ Inersia. Hukum I
Newton disebut juga dengan hukum kelembaman.
Secara matematis Hukum I Newton dapat dituliskan:
F
b.
= 0 ............................. (3.1)
Hukum II Newton
Hukum II Newton menyatakan: percepatan yang dihasilkan oleh resultan gaya yang bekerja pada
suatu benda berbanding lurus dengan resultan resultan gaya yang bekerja pada benda tersebut dan
berbanding terbalik dengan massa benda itu
Secara matematis Hukum II Newton dapat dituliskan:
a=
F
m
atau
= ma ............................. (3.2)
Keterangan:
F = resultan gaya (N)

m= massa benda (kg)
Gambar 3.1: Mobil yang sidorong dan bergerak dengan
percepatan a
c.
a = percepatan benda (m/s2)
Hukum III Newton

Hukum III Newton menyatakan: Jika benda pertama mengerjakan
- FReaksi
gaya pada benda kedua, maka benda kedua akan mengerjakan gaya
FAksi
pada
benda
pertama,
yang
besarnya
sama
tetapi
arahnya
berlawanan. Hukum III Newton disebut juga hukum aksi-reaksi.

Hukum II Newton dapat dituliskan:
FAksi = FRe aksi ............................. (3.3)
LKS Fisika SMA Kelas X
Hukum tersebut dapat diartikan bahwa gaya hanya hadir sedikitnya ada dua benda yang saling
berinteraksi. Pada interaksi ini gaya-gaya selalu berpasangan.
Konsep gaya Aksi-reaksi Yaitu:
2.
1.
Gaya aksi-reaksi hadir jika dua benda berinteraksi
2.
Gaya Aksi-reaksi bekerja pada dua benda yang berbeda
3.
Gaya Aksi-reaksi besarnya sama, tetapi arahnya berlawanan
Beberapa Jenis Gaya/ Macam Gaya

a.
Gaya Berat
Gaya berat yaitu: gaya yang bekerja pada suatu benda akibat benda tersebut berada dalam
pengaruh gravitasi bumi.
Secara matematis dapat dirumuskan:
W = mg ............................. (3.4)
Keterangan:
W = berat benda ( N)
m = massa (kg)
g = Percepatan gravitasi (m/s2)
Contoh:
b.
Gaya Normal
Gaya Normal yaitu: gaya yang dikerjakan oleh bidang pada benda apabila benda tersebut menekan
bidang, arah gaya normal selalu tegak lurus dengan permukaan bidang.
N
Contoh:
N
c.
Gaya Tegangan Tali

Gaya tegangan tali adalah: gaya yang dikerjakan oleh tali terhadap sebuah benda yang diikat
dengan tali tersebut.
Contoh:
m
W
d.
Gaya Gesekan
Gaya gesek yaitu: suatu gaya yang bekerja abtara dua permukaan yang bersentuhan dan bersifat
melawan kecenderungan gerak benda.
Contoh:
Secara matematis gaya gesek dapat dirumuskan:
f Ges = k N ............................. (3.5)

Keterangan:
F
fGesekan
Fges= gaya gesekan (N)
k = Koefisien gesekan
N= gaya Normal (N)
3.
Penerapan Hukum Newton

a.
Benda pada bidang datar dan licin

m
F = ma
F .Cos = ma ............................. (3.6)

Keterangan:
Fx
F = Gaya (N)
m = Massa (kg)
a = percepatan benda (m/s2)
b.
Benda pada bidang datar yang kasar
F Fges = ma
fGesekan
c.
= Sudut antara gaya dengan perpindahan
Benda pada bidang datar yang licin dan ditarik oleh benda yang lain
m2
Lihat massa m1
T
F = m a
1
W1 T = m1 a
m1 g T = m1 a
m1
a
W1
T = m1 g m1 a ................(i)
Lihat massa m2
F = m
T = m 2 a .............(ii)
Keterangan:
Substitusi persamaan (i) ke (ii)
m1= Massa benda 1 (kg)

m2= Massa benda 2 (kg)
g = Percepatan Gravitasi (m/s2)

2
a = Percepatan benda (m/s )
m1 g m1 a = m2 a
m1 g = (m1 + m2 )a
a=
d.
m2
g ............................. (3.7)
( m1 + m2 )
Benda pada bidang miring yang licin
Gaya arah sumbu x
mg sin = ma
mg sin
= ma
mg cos
mg
a = g sin ............................. (3.8)
Gaya arah sumbu y
= 0 (Resultan gaya arah sumbu y=0)
N = mg cos ............................. (3.9)
e.
Benda yang dihubungkan dengan tali melalui katrol

Jika m2>m1, maka
F
T
W2-W1= (m1+m2) . a
m2
m1
m2.g m1.g = (m1+m2). a
a
W1 W2
(m2-m1).g = (m1+m2). a
a=
f.
= ma
(m2 m1 )
g ............................. (3.10)
m1 + m2
Benda yang digantung dengan tali

1.
Benda diam
= ma , a=0, karena benda diam
T mg = 0
T = mg ............................. (3.11)
W=mg
2.
Benda bergerak keatas dengan percepatan a
= ma
T mg = ma
T = mg + ma
W=mg
3.
Benda bergerak kebawah dengan percepatan a
a
T = m( g + a ) ............................. (3.12)
W=mg
= ma
mg T = ma
T = mg ma
T = m( g a ) ............................. (3.13)
g.
Orang yang berada di dalam lift

1.
Lift diam/ bergerak dengan kecepatan tetap

Maka nilai a=0
= ma
N mg = 0
N = mg ............................. (3.14)
2.
mg
Lift dipercepat ke atas dengan percepatan a
= ma
N mg = ma
N
a
N = mg + ma
N = m( g + a ) ............................. (3.15)
3.
mg
Lift dipercepat ke bawah
dengan percepatan a
= ma
mg N = ma
N
a
N = mg ma
N = m( g a ) ............................. (3.16)
4.
Lift diperlambat ke mg
bawah
Maka nilai a= -a
F
N
= ma
mg N = m( a )
mg N = ma
N = mg + ma
mg
h.
N = m( g + a ) ............................. (3.17)
Benda yang digantung dengan dua utas tali pada keadaan setimbang.
T1
T2
T1
T
T
= 2 = 3 ............................. (3.18)
sin sin sin
T3
5
W
KEGIATAN LABORATORIUM (TUGAS KELOMPOK)

A.
Nama Kegiatan
B. Tujuan
: Memahami Hukum Newton

: Siswa Mampu menjelaskan dan menganalisis penerapan hukum I Newton,
II Newton dan III Newton tentang gerak
C.
Alat dan Bahan

1. 2 buah uang logam.
2. 1 lembar kertas HVS.
3. 1 buah Ticker timer.
4. 1 buah Katrol kecil.
5. 1 buah beban (m) 1 kg
6. 3 buah beban (M) : 2,5 kg, 2 kg, dan 1,5 kg.
7. 1 rol kertas ticker timer dan kertas karbon.
8. 2 buah neraca pegas.
9. 1 buah statif
Kegiatan 1
Langkah kerja
1. Taruhlah 2 uang logam saling bertindihan diatas kertas HVS!
2. Tarik kertas dengan cepat pada posisi mendatar !
3. Ulangi kegiatan ini beberapa kali!
4. Berilah kesimpulan dari kegiatan ini!
Kegiatan 2
Langkah kerja
1. Rangkaian alat dan bahan seperti pada gambar di bawah ini!
2.
Gunakan beban mulai yang massa terkecil sampai besar secara bergantian!
3.
Amati pita ticker timer pada setiap beban (M).
4.
Apakah kesimpulan dari kegiatan ini?
Kegiatan 3
Langkah kerja
1. Ikatkan sebuah pegas pada statif, sedangkan neraca pegas yang lain anda biarkan bebas lihat gambar di
bawah ini.
2.
Perlahan-lahan, tariklah ujung neraca pegas yang bebas sampai pada skala tertentu. Catat skala yang
ditunjukkan oleh kedua neraca pegas. Ulangi tarikan Anda untuk skala-skala lain yang berbeda.
3. Apa kesimpulan dari kegiatan ini?
TUGAS INDIVIDU
Jawablah pertanyaan dibawah ini dengan jelas dan benar
1.
Sebuah benda bermassa m, padanya bekerja gaya F, hingga benda memperoleh percepatan a. Jika
massa benda dijadikan 2 m dan gayanya dijadikan 4F, maka percepatan benda menjadi
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2.
Berilah contoh gaya gesekan yang menguntungkan .

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3.
Di dalam sebuah lift ditempatkan sebuah timbangan badan. Saat lift dalam keadaan
seseorang menimbang badannya, didapatkan bahwa berat orang tersebut 500 N.
atas dengan percepatan tetap 5 m/s-2, g = 10 m/s-2, maka
diam
Jika lift bergerak ke
berat orang tersebut menjadi
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4.
Perhatikan sistem benda disamping!!! Gesekan tali dan katrol diabaikan (katrol licin), maka
percepatan sistem adalah ......... m/s
m2= 2 kg
Jawab:
licin
m1= 1 kg
m2= 2 kg
5.
Perhatikan sistem benda disamping!!! Gesekan tali dan katrol diabaikan (katrol licin), maka
tegangan licin
tali sistem adalah ......... N
m1= 1 kg
Jawab:
Jawab:
6.
Berilah contoh-contoh gaya gesekan yang merugikan !

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7.
Sebuah mobil bermassa 800 kg pada suatu saat mesinnya menghasilkan gaya dorong 5400 N tetapi
hanya mendapat percepatan 6,5 m/s, maka besar gaya gesekkan yang dikerjakan jalan sebesar ......
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8.
Sebuah benda bermassa 6 kg bergerak pada bidang datar yang licin, kecepatan benda berkurang
dari 25 m/s menjadi 9 m/s setelah bergerak selama 4 sekon besar dan arah gaya mendatar yang
bekerja pada benda adalah ......
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9.
Sebuah elevator massanya 400 kg bergerak vertikal keatas dari keadaan diam dengan percepatan
tetap sebesar 2 m/s. Jika percepatan gravitasi 9,8 m/s, maka tegangan tali penarik elevator adalah .....
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10.
Benda yang massanya 10 diletakkan diatas lantai mendatar licin Jika benda ditarik dengan gaya
horisontal 35 N, maka besar percepatan yang timbul adalah ........
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EVALUASI BAB 3 DINAMIKA GERAK

Pilihlah salah satu jawaban yang paling tepat !
1.
Jika resultan gaya yang bekerja pada sebuah benda sama dengan nol, maka:
1)
Benda tidak akan dipercepat
2)
Benda selalu diam
3)
Perubahan kecepatan benda nol
4)
Benda tidak mungkin bergerak
Pernyataan yang benar ditunjukkan oleh nomor

a.
(1), (2) dan (3)
b.
(1) dan (3)
c.
(2) dan (4)
d.
(4) saja
11
e.
2.
(1), (2), (3) dan (4)

Perhatikan gambar dibawah, Jika kertas ditariik dengan cepat, maka silinder akan...
a.
Ikut bergerak bersama kertas
b.
Bergerak berlawanan dengan arah gerak kertas
c.
Bergerak ke kanan
d.
Bergerak ke kiri
e.
Diam
3.
Suatu benda bisa bergerak karena adanya...

a.
Tenaga
b.
Usaha
c.
Energi
d.
Gaya
e.
Tenaga
Satuan percepatan adalah m/s2, jika dinyatakan dalam bentuk yang lain yaitu...
4.
a.
N/kg
b.
Kg/N
c.
m/s
d.
cm/s
e.
N/s2
5.
Sebuah balok diletakkan diatas meja, balok tersebut bermassa m kg, besar gaya normal yang
bekerja pada balok karena dikerjakan olah meja adalah...
a.
N=0
b.
N=mg
c.
N=m2
d.
N=2m
e.
N=g
6.
Sebuah benda bermassa 10 kg bekerja resultan gaya sebesar 40 N. Maka percepatan yang dialami
benda adalah....
a.
1 m/s2
b.
2 m/s2
c.
3 m/s2
d.
4 m/s2
e.
5 m/s2
7.
Sebuah benda bermassa 2 kg, mula-mula benda diam pada lantai datar dan licin, kemudian ditarik
dengan gaya konstan 8 N dengan arah mendatar, berapakah percepatan benda?
a.
0,25 m/s2
b.
2 m/s2
c.
4 m/s2
d.
8 m/s2
e.
16 m/s2
12
8.
Sebuah mobil yang sedang melaju dengan kelajuan 36 km/jam tiba-tiba di rem hingga berhenti pada
jarak 10 m, jika gaya yang menghentikan mobil tersebut adalah 2.000 N, berapakah massa mobil
tersebut?
a.
5.000 kg
b.
4.000 kg
c.
3.000 kg
d.
2.000 kg
e.
1.000 kg
9.
Balok bermassa 20 kg diletakkan diatas lantai mendatar yang licin, ditarik oleh gaya 50 N mendatar
ke kanan dan gaya 30 N mendatar ke kiri, maka balok akan bergerak dengan percepatan...
a.
1 m/s2 ke kanan
b.
1 m/s2 ke kiri
c.
2/3 m/s2 ke kanan
d.
3/2 m/s2 ke kiri
e.
2 m/s2 ke kanan
10.
Perhatikan Gambar berikut ini

F=10 N
5 Kg
10 Kg
F=20 N
50 Kg
F=150 N
80 Kg
F=160 N
1 Kg
F=5 N
Gambar diatas menunjukkan 5 buah benda, diberi gaya yang berbeda-beda. Yang menghasilkan
percepatan benda paling besar adalah gambar nomor...
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
11.
Sebuah benda bermassa 5 Kg bergerak pada bidang datar yang licin, kecepatan benda bertambah
dari 4 m/s menjadi 8 m/s setelah menempuh jarak 8 m. Berapakah besar gaya yang menyebabkan
pertambahan kecepatan benda?
12.
a.
100 N
b.
60 N
c.
30 N
d.
15 N
e.
10 N
Dua buah beban bermassa m 1dan m2, dihubungkan dengan sebuah katrol (seperti pada gambar),
Jika m2>m1 percepatan gravitasi g dan gaya gesek diabaikan, besarnya tegangan tali T 1 adalah....
a. m1g+m1a
b. m1g-m2g
T1
m1
T1
m2
c.
m1g-m1a
d. m2g-m2a
e. m2g-m1a
13
13.
Jika katrol licin dan percepatan gravitasi 10 m/s2, berapakah percepatan yang dialami benda?
T
2 kg
a. 4 m/s2
Meja licin
b. 5 m/s2
c.
3 kg
6 m/s2
d. 7 m/s2
e. 8 m/s2
Jika katrol licin sistem tersebut bergerak dengan percepatan 2 m/s 2, Berapakah besar gaya
14.
tegangan tali jika g= 10 m/s2

T
10 kg
a. 10 N
Meja licin
b. 20 N
c.
2 kg
30 N
d. 40 N
e. 50 N
15.
Sebuah benda diikat dengan seutas tali dan digantung. Jika benda bermassa 5 kg, berapakah besar
gaya tegangan tali tersebut? (g = 10 m/s2)
a.
10 N
b.
20 N
c.
30 N
d.
40 N
e.
50 N
16.
Sebuah elevator massanya 300 kg, bergerak vertikal ke atas dari keadaan diam dengan percepatan
tetap sebesar 1 m/s2, jika g = 10 m/s2, berapakah besar tegangan tali penarik elevator?
a.
300 N
b.
600 N
c.
2700 N
d.
3000 N
e.
3300 N
Seorang anak berada didalam lift yang sedang bergerak keatas dengan percepatan 5 m/s 2, jika
17.
massa anak tersebut 40 kg, berapakah gaya normal yang bekerja pada anak tersebut? (g=10 m/s 2)
a.
200 N
b.
400 N
c.
600 N
d.
660 N
e.
800 N
Pada lift yang mulai bergerak ke atas dengan percepatan 2 m/s 2, berat seseorang yang berada
18.
didalam lift tersebut adalah 480 N. Berapakah berat orang tersebut dalam keadaan normal (ketika lift
diam)...
a.
640 N
14
b.
560 N
c.
480 N
d.
400 N
e.
320 N
19.
Sebuah balok bermassa 10 Kg berada diatas lantai yang licin, dan ditarik dengan gaya mendatar 2
N, berapakah besar percepatan yang dialami benda?
a.
0,2 m/s2
b.
1 m/s2
c.
2 m/s2
d.
4 m/s2
e.
5 m/s2
20.
Sebuah benda yang bermassa 2 kg berubah kecepatanya dari 8 m/s menjadi 4 m/s dalam waktu 2
sekon kerena dikenai gaya tetap. Berapakah besara gaya tersebut?
a.
2N
b.
4N
c.
6N
d.
8N
e.
10 N
Sebuah benda bermassa 2 kg dikenai sebuah gaya, menghasilkan percepatan 3m/s 2. Jika gaya
21.
tersebut bekerja pada benda bermassa 6 kg berapakah percepatan benda?

a.
1 m/s2
b.
2 m/s2
c.
3 m/s2
d.
4 m/s2
e.
5 m/s2
22.
Perhatikan gambar berikut!

F2= 40 N
m= 2 kg
F4= 60 N
F1= 20 N
F3= 100 N
Besar dan arah percepatan yang dialami balok adalah......
23.
a.
11 m/s2 ke kanan
b.
10 m/s2 ke kiri
c.
10 m/s2 ke kanan
d.
5 m/s2 ke kanan
e.
5 m/s2 ke kiri
Jika balok bermassa 5 kg berada pada lantai yang licin ditarik dengan gaya F=10 N, = 30 0 (seperti
terlhat pada gambar), berapakah percepatan balok?

a. 1 m/s2
m= 5 kg
F= 10 N b.
2 m/s2
c.
3 m/s2
d. 2 m/s2
e. 5 m/s2
15
Sebuah benda bermassa 2 kg berada pada suatu bidang miring yang licin, jika = 45 0 dan g=10
24.
m/s2, berapakah percepatan balok?

a. 5 m/s2
25.
b.
5 2 m/s2
c.
3 m/s2
d. 2
3 m/s2
e.
2 2 m/s2
Sebuah benda bermassa m bergerak pada bidang miring yang licin dengan sudut
jika
percepatan gravitasi g. Maka besar percepatan benda adalah...

a.
2 g sin
b.
2g
c.
d.
g sin
g cos
e.
Sebuah benda terletak pada bidang miring yang sudut kemiringanya 53 0. Jika massa benda 3 kg,
26.
maka besar gaya normal yang bekerja pada benda tersebut adalah...
a.
10 N
b.
12 N
c.
16 N
d.
18 N
e.
24 N
27.
Jika kita memberikan gaya aksi ( dorongan pada suatu benda), maka kita akan merasakan gaya
reaksi dari benda tersebut. Gaya reaksi itu dapat kita rasakan dengan adanya...
a.
Tarikan benda tersebut
b.
Dorongan benda tersebut
c.
Tarikan/ dorongan benda
d.
Gaya normal
e.
Semua benar
28.
29.
Berikut ini adalah contoh gaya aksi-reaksi, kecuali...

a.
Gaya aksi-reaksi ketika tangan kita menekan meja
b.
Benda yang digantung dengan tali pada atap
c.
Gaya aksi-reaksi ketika kita menarik meja
d.
Gaya aksi-reaksi pada gaya berat dan gaya normal
e.
Gaya aksi-reaksi yan terjadi pada pelari yang start

Dua buah balok yang massanya sama, duhubungkan dengan seutas tali melalui sebuah katrol. Jika
sistem dalam keadaan setimbang, maka pasangan aksi-reaksi yang benar adalah...
T5
a. T1dan T2
T6
b. T1dan T4
T2
T1
c.
T3
T4
W1
W2
T2dan T3
d. T5dan T6
e. W1dan W2
16
30.
Dua buah benda A dan B berada diatas meja yang licin, saling dihubungkan dengan seutas tali
(seperti Pada gambar), massa A= 10 kg, massa B= 5 kg, benda B ditarik dengan gaya sebesar 30 N,
berapakah percepatan yang terjadi...
a. 1 m/s2
b. 2 m/s2
c.
3 m/s2
d. 4 m/s2
e. 5 m/s2
Seorang anak berada didalam lift yang bergerak ke bawah dengan percepatan 2 m/s 2, jika massa
31.
anak tersebut 30 kg, dan g= 10 m/s2. Berapakah gaya normal yang bekerja pada anak tersebut?
a.
360 N
b.
300 N
c.
240 N
d.
200 N
e.
60 N
32.
Dua buah beban m1= 6 kg dan m2= 2 kg digantung dengan tali melalui sebuah katrol yang licin,
berapakah percepatan sistem tersebut?
a. 8 m/s2
b. 7 m/s2
T1
m1
c.
T1
6 m/s2
d. 5 m/s2
e. 4 m/s2
m2
Sebuah balok bermassa 2 kg berada diatas lantai, jika g=10 m/s 2, berapakah gaya normal yang
33.
ditimbulkanya?
a.
5N
b.
10 N
c.
15 N
d.
20 N
e.
30 N
34.
Seseorang yang beratnya W berada didalam lift yang bergerak keatas dengan percepatan a, jika
percepatan gravitasi=g, berapakah besarnya gaya tegangan tali?
a.
b.
W (1
c.
W (1 +
a
)
g
d.
W (1 +
g
)
a
a
)
g
17
e.
35.
W (1
a
)
g
Sebuah benda pada saat t=0 sekon bergerak dengan kecepatan 50 m/s. Jika resultan dari gayagaya yang bekerja pada benda sama dengan nol, maka kecepatan benda tersebut setelah bergerak
selama 10 sekon adalah...
a.
5.000 m/s
b.
500 m/s
c.
50 m/s
d.
25 m/s
e.
5 m/s
36.
Sebuah benda bermassa 5 kg bergerak pada bidang datar yang licin dengan kecepatan 8 m/s dan
bertambah menjadi 10 m/s setelah menempuh jarak 10 m. Besar gaya mendatar yang menyebabkan
pertambahan kecepatan tersebut adalah...
a.
12 N
b.
10 N
c.
9N
d.
8N
e.
6N
37.
Sebuah benda bermassa 6 kg bergerak pada bidang datar yang licin, kecepatan benda berkurang
dari 25 m/s menjadi 9 m/s setelah bergerak selama 4 sekon. Berapakah besar dan arah gaya mendatar
yang bekerja pada benda tersebut?
a.
12 N searah dengan arah gerak
b.
12 N berlawanan dengan arah gerak
c.
24 N searah dengan arah gerak
d.
e.
38.
Sebuah elevator massanya 400 kg bergerak vertikal ke atas dari keadaan diam dengan percepatan
tetap 2 m/s2. Jika percepatan gravitasi = 10 m/s2, maka tegangan tali elevator adalah...
a.
400 N
b.
800 N
c.
3120 N
d.
3920 N
e.
4720 N
39.
Sebuah benda dengan massa m = 10 kg digantung dengan dua utas tali seperti pada gambar. Bila
benda diam dalam keadaan setimbang, berapakah tegangan tali T 3?
a.
5N
300
b.
40.
450
10 N
c.
10 T12 N
d.
50
e.
100 N
2N
T2
T3
Dua buah massa m1= 5 kg dan m2= 3 kg dihubungkan dengan tali melalui sebuah katrol (seperti
pada gambar), anggap tali tidak bermassa, katrol licin, katrol tidak berputar, dan tegangan seluruh tali
18
sama, jika percepatan gravitasi= 10 m/s2, berapakah kecepatan kedua massa pada saat 2 detik setelah
benda bergerak dari keadaan diam?
a.
2,5 m/s
b.
5 m/s
c.
10 m/s
d.
12 m/s
e.
15 m/s
Essay
1.
Bagaimanakah bunyi hukum I Newton?

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Secara matematis hukum II Newton dinyatakan dengan persamaan a =
F
atau F=m.a, Jelaskan
m
persamaan tersebut?
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2.
Resultan gaya pada huklum II Newton tidak sama dengan nol, apa maksudnya?
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3.
Bagaimanakah konsep gaya Aksi-reaksi menurut Hukum III Newton?

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4.
Jelaskan perbedaan massa benda dan berat benda?

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5.
Ketika kita naik sepeda pada saat jalan menurun, akan kiata rasakan laju sepeda semakin tinggi
walaupun pedal sepeda tidak dikayuh. Apa yang menyebabkan laju sepada semakin tinggi? Jelaskan.
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6.
Sebuah benda yang diikatkan pada sebuah dinamometer (seperti pada gambar), menunjukkan
skala tertentu, menyatakan apa skala tersebut?
Jawab: _____________________________________________________________________________
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7.
Sebuah balok kayu seberat 100 N diletakkan diatas lantai. Tentukan besar gaya normal jika:
a.
Bagian atas balok ditekan dengan gaya F1= 30 N dan F2=20 N
b.
Bagian atas balok ditekan dengan gaya F= 40 N dengan arah miring 30 0 ke bawah.
Jawab: _____________________________________________________________________________
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8.
Sebuh balok berada diatas bidang miring yang membentuk sudut 30 0 terhadap arah mendatar, jika
massa balok= 30 kg, g=10 m/s2 dan balok tidak dikenai gaya luar, berapakah besarnya gaya normal
balok tersebut?
Jawab: _____________________________________________________________________________
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9.
Seorang dengan massa 60 kg berada dalam lift yang sedang bergerak ke bawah dengan
percepatan
3 ms-2, desakan kaki orang pada lantai lift adalah?
Jawab: _____________________________________________________________________________
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10.
Suatu benda mempunyai massa 2 kg dikenai gaya 100 N yang membentuk sudut 30 0 dengan arah
perpindahan benda. Tentukan percepatan benda!
Jawab: _____________________________________________________________________________
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11.
Sebuah mobil yang bermassa 1000 kg bergerak dari keadaan diam dengan percepatan konstan ke
lajuan 10 m/s dalam waktu 5 sekon pada suatu jalan lurus. Berapakah besar gaya yang diperlukan untuk
mempercepat mobil tersebut?
Jawab: _____________________________________________________________________________
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12.
Sebuah peti besar mempunyai massa 60 kg meluncur pada sebuah bidang miring licin yang
memiliki
sudut
kemiringan
300.
Tentukan
besarnya percepatan dan gaya normal!
Jawab: _____________________________________________________________________________
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13. Dua buah benda m1 dan m2 tersusun seperti gambar di bawah ini, m 1= 10kg dan m2= 12kg. Jika massa
tali dan massa katrol, diabaikan dan koefisien gesekan kinetik antara tali dan
katrol, tentukan : (a) percepatan yang dialami oleh benda! (b) tegangan tali, (g
m2
m1
LKS Fisika SMA Kelas aX
W1 W2
= 10ms-2).
25
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14. Berapakah percepatan balok dan tegangan tali pada gambar di bawah ini?
45 N
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REMIDIAL
1.
Sebuah benda mempunyai massa 4 kg diberikan gaya 100 N searah dengan perpindahan benda,
tentukan percepatan benda!
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Secara matematis huukum II Newton dinyatakan dengan
= 0 , Jelaskan maksud dari persamaan
tersebut?
Jawab: _____________________________________________________________________________
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2.
Sebuah benda bermassa 4kg pada saat t=0. Sebuah gaya tunggal konstan yang horizontal (F x)
bekerja sejauh pada benda tersebut. Setelah t = 3s, benda telah berpindah sejauh 2,25m. Berapakah
besar gaya Fx ini?
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3.
Seseorang bermassa 50 kg berdiri di dalam lift yang sedang bergerak ke atas dengan percepatan 5
2
m/s . Jika percepatan gravitasi bumi adalah g = 10 ms -2, berapakah gaya tekan kaki orang tersebut pada
alas lift itu?
28
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4.
Sebuah balok ditempatkan pada bidang miring licin. Sudut kemiringan bidang dan horizontal adalah
30o. Jika panjang bidang miring adalah 10 meter, tentukanlah waktu yang dibutuhkan oleh benda
tersebut saat tiba di ujung bidang miring!
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5.
Dua balok m1=2kg dan m2 = 5kg dihubungkan dengan katrol. Tidak ada gesekan antara m 1 dan
alasnya. Jika g =10m s-2, tentukanlah: (a). percepatan yang dialami oleh m1 dan m2; (b) tegangan tali (T)!
29
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6.
Sebuah mobil dengan massa M, dari keadaan diam ke kelajuan 20 m/s dalam waktu 5s pada suatu
jalan lurus. Berapakah besar gaya yang mempercepat gerak mobil ini.
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7.
Sebuah benda bermassa 5kg (g = 9,8 ms-2) digantungkan dengan seutas tali, tentukanlah gaya
tegangan tali pada saat itu sistem dalam keadaan diam.
Jawab: _____________________________________________________________________________
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8. Dua buah benda m1 dan m2 tersusun seperti gambar di bawah ini, m 1= 1kg dan m2= 2kg. Jika massa tali
dan massa katrol, diabaikan dan tidak ada gesekan antara tali dan katrol, tentukan percepatan yang
dialami oleh masing-masing benda! (g = 10ms-2).
m2
m1
a
W1 W2
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9.
Seseorang ber massa 50kg berada di dalam sebuah lift yang sedang bergerak dengan percepatan 5
m/s2 ke bawah. Tentukanlah tekanan kaki orang terhadap alas lift! (g=10 m/s 2).
Jawab: _____________________________________________________________________________
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10.
Sebuah benda digantung dengan seutas tali. Dalam keadaan diam, tegangan talinya adalah 100N,
(g=10ms-2). Jika tali hanya mampu menahan tegangan sebesar 180N, dengan percepatan maksimum
berapakah benda tersebut dpt ditarik ke atas, tepat pada saat tali akan putus?
Jawab: _____________________________________________________________________________
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Sebuah benda bermassa 10 kg (g = 10 ms -2) digantungkan dengan seutas tali, tentukanlah gaya
11.
tegangan tali pada saat sistem bergerak ke atas dengan percepatan 6 ms -2.
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Sebuah benda bermassa 5kg (g = 10 ms -2) digantungkan dengan seutas tali, tentukanlah gaya
12.
tegangan tali pada saat itu:

a.
Sistem dalam keadaan diam
b.
Sistem bergerak ke atas dengan percepatan 5 ms -2.
33
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13.
Tiga benda masing-masing m 1 = 1kg, m2 = 2kg, dan m3 = 3kg, berada pada bidang datar
licin, dihubungkan dengan tali seperti pada gambar berikut. Kemudian, sistem tersebut ditarik dengan
gaya 24 N. Tentukanlah besarnya tegangan tali T1 dan T2 !
T1
T2
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34
14. Seseorang
ber
massa
50kg
berada
di
dalam
sebuah
lift
yang
sedang bergerak dengan
-2
percepatan 3 ms ke bawah. Tentukanlah tekanan kaki orang terhadap alas lift! (g=10ms -2).
Jawab: _____________________________________________________________________________
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PENGAYAAN
1.
Seorang dengan massa 60 kg berada dalam lift yang sedang bergerak ke bawah dengan
percepatan 3 ms-2. Berapakah desakan kaki orang pada lantai lift?
Jawab: _____________________________________________________________________________
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2.
Sewaktu berada di dalam lift yang diam, berat Sandi adalah 500 N. Percepatan gravitasi = 10 m s 2.
35
Sewaktu lift dipercepat, tegangan tali menjadi 750 N. Dengan demikian percepatan lift adalah
Jawab: _____________________________________________________________________________
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3.
Sebuah massanya 1 kg balok diletakkan di atas bidang miring licin dengan sudut kemiringan () =
30o, sehing-ga benda bergerak dengan percepatan konstan. Bila g = 10 m s2, maka gaya penggerak
balok tersebut adalah
Jawab: _____________________________________________________________________________
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4.
Benda bermassa 4 kg terletak pada bidang miring seperti tampak pada gambar di bawah ini.
Jika koefisien gesek-an statik antara balok dan bidang miring adalah
3 dan g = 10 m s2, maka
resultan gaya yang meluncurkan benda adalah
36
30o
Jawab: _____________________________________________________________________________
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5.
Balok A yang massanya 5 kg, diletakkan pada bidang datar yang licin, balok B yang massanya 3 kg
digantung dengan tali, dan dihubungkan dengan balok A melalui sebuah katrol, jika g = 10 m/s 2 tentukan
percepatan balok tersebut?
Jawab: _____________________________________________________________________________
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6.
Sebuah benda dijatuhkan dari ujung sebuah menara tanpa kecepatan awal. Setelah 2 detik benda
sampai di tanah (g = 10 m s2). Tinggi menara tersebut
Jawab: _____________________________________________________________________________
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7.
Sebuah benda jatuh bebas dari ketinggian 40 m di atas tanah. Bila massa benda 2 kg dan g = 10 m
2
s maka energi kinetik tepat 20 m di atas tanah adalah

Jawab: _____________________________________________________________________________
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8.
Benda bermassa 5 kg dilempar vertikal ke atas dengan kecepatan awal 10 m s 1. Besarnya energi
potensial dititik tertinggi yang dicapai benda adalah (g = 10 m s2)
Jawab: _____________________________________________________________________________
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9.
Buah kelapa dan buah mangga jatuh bersamaan dari ke-tinggian h1 dan h2. Bila h1 : h2 = 2 : 1, maka
perbanding-an waktu jatuh antara buah kelapa dengan buah mangga adalah
Jawab: _____________________________________________________________________________
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10.
Sebuah benda dilemparkan vertikal keatas dari suatu tempat yang tingginya 20 meter di atas tanah
dengan kecepatan 40 m s1. Jika g = 10 m s2 maka tinggi maksimum yang dapat di capai benda dari
permukaan tanah adalah
Jawab: _____________________________________________________________________________
39
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11.
Balok-balok A, B dan C terletak pada bidang datar yang licin. Jika Massa A= 5 kg, massa B= 3 kg
dan massa C= 2 kg, dan F= 10 N, Maka perbandingan besar tegangan tali antara A dan B dengan besar
tegangan tali antara B dan C adalah
A
Jawab: _____________________________________________________________________________
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12.
Sebuah balok dengan massa 5 kg ditarik dengan seutas tali membentuk sudut 30 0 terhadap arah
mendatar. Jika gaya penarik balok tersebut sebesar 20 N dan masa tali diabaikan, maka percepatan
balok adalah
Jawab: _____________________________________________________________________________
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13.
Gaya F sebesar 12 N bekerja pada sebuah benda yang massanya m 1, menyebabkan percepatan m1
sebesar 8 m/s2. Jika F bekerja pada benda yang bermassa m 2, maka percepatan yang ditimbulkan
adalah 2 m/s2. Jika F bekerja pada benda yang bermassa m1+m2, maka percepatan benda ini adalah
Jawab: _____________________________________________________________________________
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14.
Didalam sebuha lift ditempatkan sebuah timbangan badan. Saat lift dalam keadaan diam seseorang
minimbang bandanya, didapatkan bahwa berat badan orang tersebut 500 N. Jika lift bergerak ke atas
dengan percepatan 5 m/s2, g=10 m/s2, maka berat orang tersebut saat ditimbang menjadi
Jawab: _____________________________________________________________________________
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15.
Sebuah helikopter bermassa 300 kg bergerak vertikal ke atas dengan percepatan 2 m/s 2. Seorang
tentara bermassa 60 kg memanjat tali yang menjulur dengan kecepatan tetap 1 m/s relatif terhadap
helikopter, berapakah gaya tegangan tali saat itu?
Jawab: _____________________________________________________________________________
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42
43

Dinamika Gerak Sma 10

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Dinamika Gerak Sma 10

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Mata pelajaran

: Menerapkan Konsep dan Prinsip dasar kinematika dan dinamika benda

: 2.2. Menerapkan hukum Newton sebagai prinsip dasar dinamika untuk

F = resultan gaya (N)

a = percepatan benda (m/s2)

Hukum III Newton

berlawanan. Hukum III Newton disebut juga hukum aksi-reaksi.

FAksi = FRe aksi ............................. (3.3)

LKS Fisika SMA Kelas X

Gaya aksi-reaksi hadir jika dua benda berinteraksi

Gaya Aksi-reaksi bekerja pada dua benda yang berbeda

Gaya Aksi-reaksi besarnya sama, tetapi arahnya berlawanan

Beberapa Jenis Gaya/ Macam Gaya

Gaya Tegangan Tali

LKS Fisika SMA Kelas X

f Ges = k N ............................. (3.5)

Fges= gaya gesekan (N)

Penerapan Hukum Newton

Benda pada bidang datar dan licin

F .Cos = ma ............................. (3.6)

Benda pada bidang datar yang kasar

= Sudut antara gaya dengan perpindahan

m1= Massa benda 1 (kg)

LKS Fisika SMA Kelas X

g = Percepatan Gravitasi (m/s2)

a = Percepatan benda (m/s )

Benda pada bidang miring yang licin

Gaya arah sumbu x

a = g sin ............................. (3.8)

Gaya arah sumbu y

= 0 (Resultan gaya arah sumbu y=0)

N = mg cos ............................. (3.9)

Benda yang dihubungkan dengan tali melalui katrol

m2.g m1.g = (m1+m2). a

Benda yang digantung dengan tali

= ma , a=0, karena benda diam

Benda bergerak keatas dengan percepatan a

Benda bergerak kebawah dengan percepatan a

Orang yang berada di dalam lift

Lift diam/ bergerak dengan kecepatan tetap

Lift dipercepat ke atas dengan percepatan a

LKS Fisika SMA Kelas X

KEGIATAN LABORATORIUM (TUGAS KELOMPOK)

: Memahami Hukum Newton

Alat dan Bahan

Amati pita ticker timer pada setiap beban (M).

Apakah kesimpulan dari kegiatan ini?

LKS Fisika SMA Kelas X

3. Apa kesimpulan dari kegiatan ini?

Berilah contoh gaya gesekan yang menguntungkan .

LKS Fisika SMA Kelas X

Jika lift bergerak ke

berat orang tersebut menjadi

LKS Fisika SMA Kelas X

Berilah contoh-contoh gaya gesekan yang merugikan !

LKS Fisika SMA Kelas X

LKS Fisika SMA Kelas X

EVALUASI BAB 3 DINAMIKA GERAK

Benda tidak akan dipercepat

Benda selalu diam

Perubahan kecepatan benda nol

Benda tidak mungkin bergerak

Pernyataan yang benar ditunjukkan oleh nomor