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Kegiatan Belajar 5
A. Tujuan Pembelajaran
Setelah mempelajari kegiatan belajar 5, diharapkan siswa dapat
a. Menentukan unsur-unsur segitiga dengan aturan sinus
b. Menentukan unsur-unsur segitiga dengan aturan kosinus
c. Menghitung luas segitiga sembarang
B. Uraian Materi 4
Aturan Sinus
Untuk memahami aturan sinus maka lakukan kegiatan di bawah ini.
Kegiatan 5.1
Tujuan kegiatan : Menemukan aturan sinus
Permasalahan
Kegiatan
C
diketahui
E
a
AC = b, AB = c dan BC = a
Page 2 of 18
CD = ....sin
( persamaan 1)
CD
.........
CD = sin .......
CD = .....sin persamaan 2)
sin =
persamaan 2)
.....sin = .....sin
a
..........
( persamaan 3)
=
........ sin
3) Perhatikan AEB maka panjang AE adalah.
AE
.........
AE = sin ........
sin =
AE = ....sin
( persamaan 4)
sin =
AE = ....sin
( persamaan 5)
( persamaan 5)
Diperoleh persamaan
.....sin = .....sin
..........
a
=
........ sin
( persamaan 6)
Modul Matematika dasar 2 Disusun oleh Khairul Basari, S.Pd
Khairulfaiq.wordpress.com, E-mail : muh_abas@yahoo.com
Page 3 of 18
a
b
c
=
=
sin sin sin
Aturan ini dapat digunakan untuk mencari unsur-unsur suatu segitiga (panjang sisi dan besar
sudut) apabila telah diketahui panjang sisi salah satu sudut dan besar sudut di hadapan sisi
tersebut.
Contoh :
1. Deketahui segitiga ABC, dengan panjang AC = 25 cm, sudut A = 60o, dan sudut
C = 75o,
75o
B = 180o ( A + C)
25 cm
60o
A
B = 180o 135o
B = 45o
Sehingga
Page 4 of 18
Panjang BC
BC
AC
=
sin A sin B
25
a
=
o
sin 60
sin 45o
25
a
=
1
1
3
2
2
2
a 2 25 3
=
2
2
25 3 2
a=
2
2
25 3
2
25
6
a=
2
a=
25
6 cm
2
Panjang AB adalah
AB
AC
=
sin C sin B
c
25
=
o
sin 75
sin 45 o
a
25
=
0,9659 1
2
2
c 2
= 24,1475
2
2
c = 24,1475
2
c = 24,1475 2
c = (24,1475) 2 34,15
Jadi panjang AB adalah 34,15 cm
Page 5 of 18
2. Pada segitiga ABC, sisi AC = 16 cm, AB = 8 2 cm, sudut B = 45o tentukan sudut-sudut
segitiga ABC yang lainnya.
Penyelesaian
C
AC
AB
=
sin B sin C
16
8 2
=
o
sin C
sin 45
1
2 8 2
16 sin C =
2
8
sin C =
16
1
sin C =
2
o
C = 30
a
16 cm
45o
( )
8 2 cm
maka
A = 180o ( B + C)
Aturan Kosinus
Untuk memahami aturan kosinus maka kerjakan kegiatan di bawah ini.
Kegiatan 5.2
Tujuan kegiatan : Menemukan aturan kosinus
Permasalahan
Page 6 of 18
Kegiatan
C
1) Perhatikan ADC
CD
AC
CD = ......sin
sin =
......
AC
....... = b. cos
( persamaan 1)
cos =
( persamaan2)
a 2 = b 2 + c 2 2bc. cos
b 2 = a 2 + c 2 2ac. cos
c 2 = a 2 + b 2 2ab. cos
Modul Matematika dasar 2 Disusun oleh Khairul Basari, S.Pd
Khairulfaiq.wordpress.com, E-mail : muh_abas@yahoo.com
Page 7 of 18
Contoh :
1. Diketahui segitiga ABC, dengan panjang BC = 4 cm, AC = 6 cm dan sudut C = 60o,
tentukan panjang sisi AB
Penyelesaian
C
60o
4 cm
6 cm
AB 2 = AC 2 + BC 2 2( AC )( BC ). cos C
AB 2 = 6 2 + 4 2 2(6)(4). cos 60 o
AB = 36 + 16 2(24)( 12 )
AB = 52 24
AB = 28
AB = 2 7
Jadi panjang sisi AB adalah 2 7 cm
5 cm
8 cm
7 cm
a 2 = b 2 + c 2 2bc. cos A
5 2 = 8 2 + 7 2 2(8)(7). cos A
25 = 64 + 49 2(56). cos A
25 113 = 112. cos A
88
112
11
x
cos A =
14
r
cos A =
Page 8 of 18
maka
y = r 2 x2
y = 196 121
y = 75
y=5 3
Sehingga nilai sin A =
5 3
14
Luas Segitiga
Untuk memahami menentukan luas segitiga maka kerjakan kegiatan di bawah ini.
Kegiatan 5.3
Tujuan kegiatan : Menemukan rumus menghitung luas segitiga dengan perbandingan
trigonometri
Permasalahan
Kegiatan
C
CD
AC
......
sin =
b
CD = ..... sin
sin =
atau
atau
atau
CD
BC
........
sin =
a
CD = .... sin
sin =
Page 9 of 18
1
(.......)(............)
2
1
= ...............
2
atau
L ABC =
atau
L ABC
Contoh :
1. Tentukan luas segitiga ABC, jika diketahui AB = 15 cm, BC = 10 cm, B = 30o.
Penyelesaian
C
1
( AB ) BC sin 30 o
2
1
1
= (15)(10 )
2
2
75
=
2
= 37,5 cm 2
L ABC =
10 cm
L ABC
30o
A
15 cm
L ABC
L ABC
1
(PQ )(PR )sin P
2
1
= (10 )(8)sin 120 o
2
1
= 5(8)
3
2
L PQR =
L PQR
10 cm
Q
120o
P
8 cm
L PQR
L PQR = 20 3 cm 2
Page 10 of 18
8 m
Dicari
3m
9 m
dahulu
salah
satu
sudutnya
dengan
82 = 92 + 32 2(9)(3). cos B
64 = 81 + 9 54. cos B
64 90
cos B =
54
26
cos B =
54
13
cos B =
27
y = 27 2 132
y = 729 169
y = 560
y = 4 35
sin B =
4 35
27
L=
35
2 27
L=
L = 2 35 cm 2
Page 11 of 18
C. Rangkuman 5
Pada segitiga ABC, jika panjang AB = c, AC = b, BC = a, A= , B = , C = ,
C
berlaku :
1. Aturan sinus
a
b
c
=
=
sin sin sin
2. Aturan kosinus
a2 = b2 + c2 2bc.cos
b2 = a2 + c2 2ac.cos
c2 = a2 + b2 2cb.cos
3. Luas segitiga
L ABC =
1
bc sin
2
L ABC =
1
ac sin
2
L ABC =
1
ab sin
2
Page 12 of 18
D. Lembar Kerja 5
1. Diketahui segitiga ABC, dengan panjang BC = 13 cm, BAC =45o dan ABC = 30o,
tentukan panjang sisi AB.
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2. Tentukan besar sudut dan panjang sisi yang belum diketahui dari segitiga di bawah.
a.
b.
R
30o
5
45o
A
30o
B
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Modul Matematika dasar 2 Disusun oleh Khairul Basari, S.Pd
Khairulfaiq.wordpress.com, E-mail : muh_abas@yahoo.com
Page 13 of 18
c. sin B
e. sin C
b. tan A
d. tan B
f. sin C
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30o
B
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Page 14 of 18
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5. Tentukan luas segitiga ABC jika diketahui A = 120o pajang AC = 10 cm dan
panjang AB = 8 cm
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6. Tentukan luas Jajargenjang ABCD di bawah, jika diketahui panjang AB = 8 cm, AD
= 6, BAD = 60o
D
6
60o
A
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7. Sebidang tanah seperti gambar di bawah akan di jual dengan harga Rp. 100.000 per
m2. tentukan harga total tanah tersebut
Modul Matematika dasar 2 Disusun oleh Khairul Basari, S.Pd
Khairulfaiq.wordpress.com, E-mail : muh_abas@yahoo.com
Page 15 of 18
12 m
80o
12 m
6m
60o
120o
12 m
9m
105o
100o
15 m
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E. Tes Formatif 5
1. Nilai kosinus sudut C pada segitiga di
bawah ini adalah
a.
1
3
b.
1
7
4
c.
3
4
d.
1
6
3
e.
2
2
3
15
30o
A
10
Page 16 of 18
d. 30
b. 30 3
e. 60
c. 15
10. Diketahui segitiga ABC, dengan BC
= 3 cm, AC = 4 cm, dan A = 30o,
maka
e.
a.
2
5
5
d.
2
3
b.
1
5
3
e.
1
2
c.
1
3
2
50
c. 10 21
cos B adalah.
panjang AB =
a. 3 2
d. 6 2
ABCD adalah
b. 3 6
e. 3 3
a. 24 3
d. 12
b. 24
e. 6 3
c.
c. 12 3
8. Jika diketahui titik O(0, 0), A( 4 3 ,
4) dan B(6, 6 6 ) maka luas segitiga
AOB adalah
a. 32
d. 72
b. 48
e. 96
C adalah
c. 64
a. 90o
d. 30o
b. 60o
e. 15o
c. 45o
Modul Matematika dasar 2 Disusun oleh Khairul Basari, S.Pd
Khairulfaiq.wordpress.com, E-mail : muh_abas@yahoo.com
Page 17 of 18
c. a 7
Panjang BC adalah..
a. 2 19
d. 2 29
b. 3 19
e. 3 29
( )
b. 5(2 2 )
c. 10(2 2 )
( )
e. 10(1 + 2 )
a. 5 2 1
c. 4 29
14. Nilai sinus sudut terkecil dari segitiga
yang panjang sisinya 5 cm, 6 cm dan
21 cm adalah..
b.
1
21
6
c.
1
21
5
1
d.
21
6
e.
a. 20
b. 20 3
1
21
3
c. 30
60o
30o
d. 30 3
P
1
a.
21
5
d. 10 2 + 2
e. 36 3
panjang AC = BC = 6 cm, AB =
1
3
2
1
5
b.
3
d.
1
5
3
1
e.
15
4
a. 36 3
d. 9 2
b. 18 3
e.
9
2
2
c. 9 3
1
c.
7
4
adalah
a. 3 3
sudut C.
b. 6
jika BC = a dan AT =
p
q
5
a 2 maka AC adalah
2
c. 9
a. a 3
d. a 11
b. a 5
e. a 13
1
e. 13
2
d. 6 3
30o
a.
Page 18 of 18