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Matematika X Semester 1 | SMAN 1 Bone-Bone
Bentuk Akar | Menyederhanakan Bentuk Akar | Operasi Aljabar Bentuk Akar | Menarik Akar
Kuadrat | Merasionalkan Penyebut Akar | Pangkat Pecahan | Persamaan Eksponen
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Salam hangat selalu
Muhammad Zainal Abidin | admin of http://meetabied.wordpress.com
Bab I
Bentuk Pangkat, Akar, dan Logaritma
Standar Kompetensi :
1. Memecahkan masalah yang berkaitan dengan bentuk pangkat, akar, dan Logaritma
Kompetensi Dasar:
1. Menggunakan aturan pangkat, akar, dan logaritma
2. Melakukan manipulasi aljabar dalam perhitungan yang melibatkan pangkat, akar, dan
logaritma
Alokasi Waktu:
26 jam pelajaran (13 x pertemuan)
Indikator Pencapaian Hasil Belajar
1. Siswa dapat mengubah bentuk pangkat negatif ke pangkat positf, dan sebaliknya.
2. Siswa dapat mengubah bentuk akar ke bentuk pangkat,dan sebaliknya.
3. Siswa dapat mengubah bentuk pangkat ke bentuk logaritma, dan sebaliknya.
4. Siswa dapat melakukan operasi aljabar pada bentuk pangkat, akar, dan logaritma.
5. Siswa dapat menyederhanakan bentuk aljabar yang memuat pangkat rasional dan
logaritma.
6. Siswa dapat merasionalkan bentuk akar.
Pertemuan ke-5 s.d. 9
Rangkuman Materi
B. Bentuk Akar
Bentuk akar adalah bentuk bilangan-bilangan di bawah tanda akar yang apabila ditarik
akarnya tidak dapat menghasilkan bilangan rasional.
Contoh :
Bentuk akar
Bukan bentuk akar
5
0,5
4
9
16
ab = a b
Contoh :
12 = 4 3
=
4 3
= 2 3
18 = 9 2
= 9 2
= 3 2
2. Operasi Aljabar pada Bentuk Akar
a. a r b r = (a b ) r
b. a r b s = a b r s
c. a r + s = a r + ab s
d.
( r s )= (r + s) 2
r s
Contoh :
7 3 + 5 3 - 8 3 = (7 + 5 - 8 ) 3
=4 3
6 2 3 - 5 = 6 x2 3 - 6 x 5
= 2 18 - 30
= 2 9 2 - 30
= 6 2 - 30
(a + b) + 2 ab =
(a + b ) - 2 ab =
a+ b
a- b
Contoh :
Sederhanakan bentuk akar berikut!
6 + 32
Jawab :
6 + 32 = 6 + 2 8
(4 + 2) + 2
4 2
4+ 2
= 2+ 2
=
4. Merasionalkan Penyebut
a
a
b
=
b
b
b
a b
=
b
a
a
bm
b.
=
b c b c bm
a bm c
=
b2 - c
a
a
c.
=
b c
b c
a.
c
c
a bm c
b-c
bm c
bm c
Contoh :
Rasionalkan penyebut berikut ini !
7
3+ 2
6
b.
6- 2
a.
Jawab :
a.
7
3- 2
3+ 2 3- 2
7 3- 2
=
9 -2
7 3- 2
=
7
= 3- 2
10
b.
6
6+ 2
6- 2
6+ 2
6 6+ 2
=
6 -2
6 6+ 2
=
4
3
=
6+ 2
2
5. Pangkat Pecahan
1
n
a. a = a
1
n
m
n
b. a = n am
c. a
m
n
1
a
m
n
1
n
am
Contoh :
Tuliskan dengan pangkat pecahan!
a. 7 2 5
Jawab :
a.
b.
a 3b 5
b.
a 3b 5 = a 4 b 4
25 = 2 7
6. Persamaan Eksponen
a. Jika af(x) = ap, maka f(x) = p
b. Jika af(x) = ag(x), maka f(x) = g(x)
Contoh :
Tentukan nilai x yang memenuhi persamaan 82x-6 = 32x+2 !
Jawab :
82x-6 = 32x+2
23(2x-6) = 25(x+2)
26x-18 = 25x+10
6x 18 = 5x + 10
6x 5x = 10 + 18
x = 28
11
Latihan
Kerjakan soal-soal di bawah ini dengan benar !
1. Sederhanakan bentuk-bentuk akar di bawah ini!
a.
48
b.
1
75
Jawab :
48 = ..... .....
= ..... .....
= ..... .....
1
1
1
b.
=
75
..... .....
= ..... .....
= ..... .....
a.
a + b atau
a- b !
5+2 6
b. 7 - 4 3
Jawab :
a.
5+2 6 =
=
b.
.....
..... + .....
(..... + .....) - 2
..... - .....
..... .....
1
-3
(y 4 ) !
-1
y
Jawab :
1
-3
(y - 4 ) = y ..... y ..........
-1
y
= y.....+.....
= y-.....
=
1
y .....
4
9- 5
b.
5
11 + 4
Jawab :
12
4
9+ 5
9 - 5 9 + .....
.....(..... + .....)
=
..... - .....
.....
=
(..... + .....)
.....
5
..... + .....
b.
11 + 4 ..... - .....
.....(..... + .....)
=
..... - .....
.....
=
(..... - .....)
.....
a.
13
Uji Kompetensi 2
A. Berilah tanda silang (x) huruf a, b, c, d, atau e pada jawaban yang paling benar!
54 adalah
c. 6 6
b. 3 6
d. 6 6
2. Hasil dari 6 3 + 2 12 - 3
48 adalah
a. 4 3
c.
b. 2 3
d. - 3
6
e. 7 6
e. -2 3
12
adalah
2
a.
c.
10
b.
d.
e.
3
2 5
a.
6
10
c.
10
3
b.
10
6
d.
3
10
2- 3
b. 5( 2 +
6. Jika p=
3)
5+
adalah.
e. 10 5
3
adalah
2+ 3
c. 2( 2 +
3)
d. 3( 3 +
3)
3 dan q=
a. 0
c. 4
b. 2
d. 6
7. Jika m= 2 5 +
5-
e. 3( 3 -
2)
3 , maka p . q adalah..
e. 8
a. 36
c. 20
b. 24
d. 16
e. 12
14
3+ 2
adalah
3- 2
c. 2( 3 + 2 )
b. 5 + 2 6
d. 3( 3 + 3 )
3+ 2
e.
9. Sebuah balok panjang rusuknya masing-masing 3 cm, 6 cm, dan 9 cm, maka panjang
diagonal ruangnya adalah.. cm.
14
a.
c. 3 14
b. 2 14
a.
b.
14
d. 4
3
2
adalah.
( x 2 + y 2 )2
c. 3 x 2 + y 2
(x 2 + y 2 )3
d.
14
e. 5
e.
x4 + y4
x6 + x
64 adalah
a. 16
c. 4
b. 8
d. 3
e. 2
1
12. Jika p=8, q=
, dan r=16, maka p 3 . q 2 .r 4 adalah.
25
a. 125
b. 25
c. 12
d. 10
e. 5
3
4
c. 3a
7
4
b. 3a 4
d. 3a 4
4
3
37
c.
35
b.
34
d.
34
11 - 3
b.
5+ 4
e. 3a
1
2
9
4
adalah
e.
32
9 + 2 14 adalah
c.
6+ 3
d.
7+ 2
e.
8+ 7
15
11+ 6 2 adalah...
c. 6 +
b. 9 +
d. 9 +
17. Nilai
14 + 2 45 -
9 - 80 =
a. 1
c. 1 +
b. 5
d. 5 +
e. 11 +
e. 5 - 2 5
4 3
- 0,125 =.
64
a. 1,75
c. 1,25
b.1,50
d. 1,00
e. 0,75
a.
7
2
c.
5
4
b.
5
2
d. -
e.
1
5
5 adalah
7
4
5
4
b. -
4
3
c. -
8
3
d.
4
3
e.
8
3
(x 3 ) -2 (2 x 7 )2
x
y4
3y 5
b. (5m 2 n -3 ) -2 x 2(m 3 n -2 ) 2
Jawab :
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Matematika X Semester 1 | SMAN 1 Bone-Bone
16
3
2
1
2
+ y0 + z 2
b. x . y
2
3
.z
3
4
Jawab :
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3. Tentukan nilai dari x 2 - 2x jika diketahui berikut ini!
a. x = 2 2
b. x = 5 + 1
Jawab :
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4. Tentukan nilai dari persamaan berikut!
a.
5 + 2 6 - 39 + 12 3
b. 30 - 10 5 + 11+ 5 2
Jawab :
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17
27
a. 3 x - 7 =
b.
35 x -1 = 27x
-4
Jawab :
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