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AUXILIARY VERB

Auxiliary verb (Kata Kerja Bantu) ialah suatu kata yang berfungsi sebagai pembantu kata kerja.Di dalam penggunaannya umumnya auxiliary verb terletak di antara subjek dan kata kerja yang telah tidak memakai to (infinitive tanpa to) atau diletakkan harus setelah subjek. Auxiliary verb seperti will, shall, may, might, can, could, must, ought to, should, would, used to, need digunakan sebagai kata hubung dengan kata kerja utama untuk menunjukan keterangan waktu dan keadaan. Kombinasi dari auxiliary verb dengan kata kerja utama membentuk frase kata kerja. Pada kalimat berikut, will have been merupakan auxiliary verb dan studying adalah kata kerja utama : As of next August, I will have been studying chemistry for ten years. Kita harus ingat bahwa adverb dan contracted form secara teknis bukan bagian dari kata kerja. Dalam kalimat, He has already started. kata keterangan menjadi kata kerja, tetapi tidak benar-benar menjadi bagian dari kata kerja. Hal yang sama pada nt pada He hasnt started yet (kata keterangan bukan, ditunjukan oleh nt, bukan bagian dari kata kerja, has started) A. CAN Digunakan untuk menyatakan keahlian dan kesanggupan (learned & physical ability) Example : ( + ) My sister can speak English fluently The boy can lift the heavy box. ( - ) I cant play chess They cant finish that work on time ( ? ) Can you speak French ? Can your sister play guitar ?

Past Form Could merupakan bentuk lampau dari can. Example : ( + ) Two years ago I could play tennis well, but now I cant play anymore ( - ) I couldnt ride a bycle when I was six, but now I can. B. TO BE ABLE TO To be able to merupakan bentuk infinitive dari can Example : ( + ) I am able to swim 2 miles. (Present) I was able to play tennis well when I was young. (Past) So far, he has been able to speak English fluently. (Perfect) ( - ) She is not able to do that work by herself. They havent been able to finish that work. ( ? ) Is he able to eat that much ? To be able to juga dapat digunakan dengan auxliaries yang lain, misalnya : will, must, should etc. Example : You will be able to speak English well if you practise a lot. Before going abroad, we must be able to speak English. They should be able to finish that work on time. C. MAY Digunakan untuk menyatakan izin (permission) untuk melakukan sesuatu. Example : ( + ) You may stay here with us any longer She may leave the office early. ( - ) We may not do it without permission. You may not enter the hall without ticket. ( ? ) May I have a look your new dictionary ? May we smoke in the hall ?

May & Might May dan Might merupakan bentuk lampau dari may. May dan Might juga digunakan untuk menyatakan kemungkinan (Possibility). Example : a. John is not in today. He may/might be sick. b. Mary hasnt arrived yet. She might miss the bus Yang perlu diingat may menyatakan kemungkinan yang besar sementara might menyatakan sebuah kemugkinan yang lebih kecil. Past form Subject + may/might have + Verb 3rd.form Example : a. I lost my wallet. It may/might have fallen on the way b. My umbrella suddenly dissapeared. Someone may/might have taken it.

D. MUST & HAVE TO Must & Have to digunakan untuk menyatakan keharusan (necessity), namun ada sedikit perbedaan dalam pengertiannya. Must : Keharusan yang datang dari dalam diri pembicara (compulsion of the speaker) Have to : Keharusan yang disebabkan oleh hal-hal dari luar (External circumstances). Agar lebih jelas perhatikan contoh berikut : You must go now because I want to go to bed You have to go now, othetwise you will miss the bus.

MUST Example : ( + ) You must finish that work on time Father says to John : You must study harder ( ? ) Must we tell them about it ? Must I do it right now ?

NEEDNOT Digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu perbuatan tidak perlu dilakukan. Sebenarnya need not adalah bentuk negatif dari must. Example : ( - ) You neednt go now We neednt hurry because we still have plenty of time.

MUST NOT Digunakan untuk menyatakan larangan (Prohibition). Example : You must not drive without driving licences Passengers must not smoke.

HAVE TO Example : ( + ) They have to stay here for a week. ( - ) We dont have to call him this moment. She doesnt have to do it hurriedly ( ? ) Do I have to call him now ? Does he have to practise her English regularly ?

HAD TO Had to adalah bentuk lampau dari must dan have to. Example : ( + ) I had to work overtime yesterday, because there was a lot of work We had to call John long distance last night. ( - ) Actually, you didnt have to there yesterday Actually, we didnt have to wait for him last night. ( ? ) Did they have to work overtime yesterday ?

E. SHOULD Digunakan untuk menyatakan harapan si pembicara (expectation of the speaker), anjuran (advisability), dan kewajiban (obligation). Expectation Example : The plane should arrive by a now. They should be back within 10 or 15 minutes. Past Form Should have + Verb 3rd.form Example : The plane from Medan should have arrived an hour to go We should have received a telegram from him last night Pada contoh diatas pola kalimat menunjukan bahwa kenyataannya berlawanan dengan harapan pembicara. Advisability : Example : ( + ) You should work harder You should take a taxi. It is too far to walk. ( - ) You shouldnt smoke to much. He shouldnt waste so much time on it.

Obligation Example : Children should obey their parents We should respect our elder Pada pola kalimat ini dapat pula dinyatakan dengan must dan ought to.

F. HAD BETTER Had Better (= lebih baik) juga menyatakan anjuran (advisability). Example : ( + ) You had better rest a while She had better go to the doctor at once. ( - ) You had better not do it. We hed better not tell it to john. ( ? ) Hadnt we better ask him about it ? Hadnt we better go there right now ?

G. MUST expresses Supposition Must juga dapat digunakan untuk menyatakan dugaan dari pembicara. Pola ini digunakan bila pembicara merasa pasti tentang suatu kejadian/perbuatan. Dapat dinyatakan dalam bentuk present dan past. Present Form Example : He must be sick Therefore, he must know my brother Peter. She must be studying her lesson.

Past Form

Must have + Verb 3rd.form Example : He must have been very busy She must have been very beautiful when she was young.

H. SHALL Shall sering digunakan dalam bentuk pertanyaan, dan pengertiannya sama dengan : Would you like me to...? Example : Shall I serve the dinner for you ? Shall I clean the room now ?

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