3.

1 Understanding that light travels in a straight line

Memahami bahawa cahaya bergerak dalam satu garis lurus

Light
Cahaya

Travels in straight line

Cahaya bergerak dalam satu garis lurus

prove
bukti

search light from helicopter

cahaya dari helikopter pencari

How shadow is formed

Bagaimana bayang-bayang
terbentuk
When light is completely or
partially blocked by an
opaque object
Bila cahaya disekat
sepenuhnya atau separuh
oleh objek legap
Opaque object
Objek legap

the beam of light from motorcycle

alur cahaya dari motosikal

the beam of light from lighthouse

alur cahaya dari rumah api

the ray of Sun,passing through a

hole in the roof
alur cahaya Matahari melalui
lubang atap rumah

Light
Cahaya
Shadow form
bayang
terbentuk

Contoh soalan bahagian B

1 A pupil carries out an investigation about the formation of shadow as shown in Diagram 2.
He places a metal ball at distances of 5 cm and 10 cm each from the torchlight.
Seorang murid menjalankan satu penyiasatan seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 2. Dia
meletakkan sebiji bola logam pada jarak 5 cm dan 10 cm dari lampu suluh.

Diagram 2 / Rajah 2
(a) What is the purpose (aim) of this investigation?
Apakah tujuan penyiasatan ini?

.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................

(b) State the trend of change in the sizes of the shadow that is formed on the screen.
Nyatakan corak perubahan saiz bayang-bayang yang terbentuk pada skrin.
........................................................................................................................................................
(c) What is kept the same (constant variable) in this investigation?
Apakah yang ditetapkan (pembolehubah dimalarkan) dalam penyiasatan ini?
............................................................................................................................................................
(d) State one relationship (hypothesis) between the variable that is changed (manipulated)
and the variable that is observed (responding) that can be made in this investigation.
Nyatakan satu hubungan (hipotesis) antara apa yang diubah (pembolehubah
dimanipulasi)
dan apa yang diperhatikan (pembolehubah bergerak balas) yang boleh dibuat dalam
penyiasatan ini.

.
.....
2 Diagram 1 shows an investigation on the height of shadow when the distance of an object
from a screen is changed.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan penyiasatan tentang ketinggian bayang-bayang apabila jarak antara
objek dari skrin diubah.

Diagram 1 / Rajah 1
(a) State
Nyatakan
(i) what is changed (manipulated variable)
apa yang diubah (pembolehubah dimanipulasi)
.....................................................................................................................................
(ii) what is measured (responding variable)
apa yang diukur (pembolehubah bergerak balas)
.....................................................................................................................................
(iii) what is kept the same (constant variable)
apa yang ditetapkan (pembolehubah dimalarkan)
.....................................................................................................................................
(d) State the relationship between the variable that is changed and the variable that is
observed..
Nyatakan hubungan di antara pembolehubah yang diubah dan pembolehubah yang
diperhati.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................

(e) Predict the height of the shadow when distance between the object and the screen is 5
cm.
Ramalkan ketinggian bayang-bayang apabila jarak di antara objek dengan skrin
adalah 5 cm.
.........................................................................................................................................