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Rumus : + } S + V1 + O/C - } S + Do/does + not + V1 + O/C ? } Do/does + S + V1 + O/C Example : + } Sisca Reads book everyday - } Sisca does not Read book everyday ? } does Sisca Read book everyday Yes He does / No He does not (doesnt) For I, We, You, They = do He, She, It = Does Contoh kalimat : (+) She is a new people here. (+) He plays football every morning (-) She isnt a new people here. (-) He does not playing football every morning. (?) Is she a new people here? (?) How playing football every morning? b. Present Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sekarang) Menerangkan suatu perbuatan yabg sedang berlangsungpada waktu sekarang. Rumus : + } S + Be + V1 + ing + O/C >> + } They are playing badmintoon now } They are not playing badmintoon now ? } Are they palaying badmintoon now ?
- } S + Be + not + V1 + ing + O/C >> ? } Be + S + V1 + ing + O/C Yes They are / no they are not >>
For I = am They, we, you = are He, She, It = Is Contoh dalam kalimat : (+) He is playing badminton now (-) He isnt playing badminton now. (?) Is he playing badminton now. c. Present Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Sekarang) Rumus : subject+auxiliary verb+main verb Contoh : (+) you have eaten mine. (-) she has not been to Rome (?) have you finished? d. Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Sekarang) Rumus :
(+): S + have/has + been + Ving (-): S + have/has + not + been + Ving (?): Have/has + S + been + Ving
Contoh : (+) She has been going to Malang since evening. (+) We have been riding a horse for three days (-) She hasnt been going to Malang since evening. (-) We havent been riding a horse for three days. (?) Has she been going to Malang ? (?) Have He been riding a horse for three days ?
2. Past Tense (Waktu Lampau) a. Simple Past Tense (Waktu Lampau Sederhana) Rumus : +} S+Be+Was/Were+O/C -} S+Be+Was/Were+not+O/C ?} Be+Was/Were+ S+O/C Example : +} We were at school yesterday -} We were not at school yesterday ?} were we at school yesterday ? For I, He, She, It = Was They, we, you = were Contoh : (+) I saw a good film last night (+) He came here last month (-) I saw not a good film last night (-) He came not last month (?) Saw I a good film last night (?) Came He here last month b. Past Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Lampau) Rumus :
(+): S + was/were + Ving (-): S + was/were + NOT + Ving (?): Was/Were + S + Ving
(+) They were talking about sport when I met him (-) He wasnt watching television all afternoon last week (-) They werent talking about sport when I met him (?) Was He watching television all afternoon last week (?) Were they talking about sport when I met him c. Past Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Lampau) Rumus : subject+auxiliary verb HAVE+main verb
(+): S + had + V3 (-): S + had + not + V3 (?): Had + S + V3
Contoh : (+) When my brother arrived , I had painted my motor cycle (+) The ship had left before I arrived (-) When my brother arrived , I hadnt painted my motor cycle (-) The ship hadnt left before I arrived (?) Had I my motor cycle , when my brother arrived ? (?) Had the ship left before I arrived? d. Past Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Lampau) Rumus : subject+auxiliary verb HAVE+auxiliary verb BE+main verb Contoh : (+) They had been living there for two month (+) When they washed my drees , your father had been playing badminton (-) They hadnt been living there for two month (-) When they washed my dress , your father hadnt been playing badminton
(?) Had they been living there for two month? (?) When they washed my dress , had your father been playing badminton ? 3. Future Tense (Akan Datang) a. Simple Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Sederhana) Rumus : subject+auxiliary verb WILL+main verb Contoh : (+) I will visit to yogyakarta tomorrow. (+) he will met girl friend by seven oclock (?) Will he go to America next month? (+) President shall at Nederland the day after tomorrow. (-) President shall not at Nederland the day after tomorrow. (?) Shall President at Nederland the day after tomorrow? b. Future Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Akan Datang) Rumus : subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb BE+main verb Contoh : (+) I will be writing a comic. (+) I will be studying tomorrow night. (-) I will not writing a comic. (-) I will not be studying tomorrow night. (?) Will I be writing a comic ? (?) Will I be studying tomorrow night ? c. Future Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Akan Datang) Rumus :
subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb HAVE+main verb Contoh : (+) Iwill havefinishedby 10am. (+) Youwill haveforgottenme by then. (-) Shewillnothavegoneto school. (-) Wewillnothaveleft. (?) Willyou havearrived? (?) Willthey havereceivedit? d. Future Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Akan Datang) Rumus : subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb HAVE+auxiliary verb BE+main verb Contoh : (+) I will have been reading a news paper. (+) He will have been listening music. (-) I will havent been reading a news paper. (-) He will havent listening a music. (?) Will I have been riding a news paper ? (?) Will He have listening a music ? 4. Past Future Tense (Akan Datang Di Waktu Lampau) a. Past Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Di Waktu Lampau) Rumus : Positif: S + would + V1 Negatif: S + would + not + V1 Tanya: Would + S + V1 Contoh :
(+) He would come if you invited him. (+) They would buy a home the previous day. (-) He wouldnt come if invited him. (-) They wouldnt buy a home the previous day. (?) Would He come if invited him ? (?) Would they buy a home the previous day ? b. Past Future Continuous Tense (Waktu Akan Sedang Terjadi Diwaktu Lampau) Rumus :
Positif: S + would + be + Ving Negatif: S + would + not + be + Ving Tanya: Would + S + be + Ving
Contoh : (+) I should be swimming at this time the following day. (+) I shall be sliping at 10 oclock tomorrow. (-) I shouldnt be swimming at this time the following day. (-) I shallnt be sleeping at 10 oclock tomorrow. (?) Shall I be swimming at this time the following day ? (?) Shall I be sleeping at10 oclock tomorrow ? c. Past Future Perfect Tense (Waktu Akan Sudah Selesai Di Waktu Lampau) Rumus :
Positif: S + would + have + V3 Negatif: S + would + not + have + V3 Tanya: Would + S + have + V3
Contoh : (+) He would have graduated if he had studies hard. (+) Nonok will have studied moth by the end of this week. (-) He wouldnt have gone if he had met his darling (-) Nonok will have not studied month by the end of this week
(?) Would He have gone if he had met his darling ? (?) Will Nonok have studied month by the end of this week ? d. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Yang Sudah Sedang Berlangsung Pada Waktu Lampau) Rumus :
Positif: S + would + have + been + Ving Negatif: S + would + not + have + been + Ving Tanya: Would + S + have + been + Ving
Contoh : Rianawati would have been speaking English for two years (+) Mrs. Anisa Munif would have been walking here for seventeen years (+) Rianawati would have been speaking English for two years (-) Mrs. Anisa Munif wouldnt have been walking here for seventeen year (-) Rianawati wouldnt have been speaking English for two years (?) Would Mrs. Anisa Munif have been walking here for seventeen years? (?) Would Rianawati have been speaking English for two years?
VERSI 2........
Kumpulan 16 tenses T E N S E S- T E N S E S Ini merupakan kupulan dari 16 Tenses rumus beserta contohnya ada di sini.. A. Simple Present Tenses Walaupun Present artinya sekarang tetapi hal ini jangan ditapsirkan bahwa tindakan tersebut dilakukan pada saat ini. Tenses ini digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang bersifat tetap, kebiasaan atau kebenaran yang hakiki. Karena sering menyangkut kejadian diwaktu lamapu, sekarang dan akan datang, Tenses ini paling sedikit mempunyai keterangan waktu tertentu.
Kalimat-kalimat bahasa inggris umumnya harus mempunyai subject(s) dan predicate(p). karena itu semua Tenses akan dipormulasi seperti itu. Rumus:
+) Subject + to be + verb I + Main verb +) Subject + verbI +(s/es) Contoh : * he is handsome (dia tampan) * is he handsome? (apakah dia tampan?) * he is not handsome (dia tidak tampan) Simple Present Tense dipakai ketika: Kejadiannya bersifat umum, atau Terjadi sepanjang waktu, atau kebiasaan di masa lampau, sekarang dan masa yang akan datang, atau Kejadiannya tidak hanya terjadi sekarang, atau Bersifat kebenaran umum, yang orang lain tidak dapat menyangkal lagi akan kebenarannya. B. Present Continuous Tense Tenses ini digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu tindakan yang benar-benar sedang dilakukan saat ini. Kalimat-kalimat dalam Tenses ini lebih sering dipakai dari pada present Tenses. Rumus: subject + to be (is, am, are) + kata kerja + ing Tense ini dipakai untuk menjelaskan tentang: Kejadian yang sedang terjadi sekarang, atau Kejadian yang akan terjadi di masa yang akan dating Contoh : +) She is cooking in the kitchen. (dia sedang memasak di dapur) -) She is not cooking in the kitchen (dia tidak sedang memasak di dapur) ?) is she cooking in the kitchen? (Apakah dia sedang memasak di dapur?) C. Present Perfect Tense Rumus: subject + have + past participle (Kata Kerja Bentuk ke-3) Tense ini digunakan untuk: Pengalaman Perubahan Situasi Yang berkelanjutan Atau untuk menunjukan suatu peristiwa yang selesai pada waktu yang singkat (baru selesai) Perhatikan contoh-contoh kalimatnya berikut ini: +) they have met me (mereka sudah menemui saya)
?) have they met me? (apakah mereka sudah menemui saya? -) they have not met me ( mereka belum menemui saya) D. Present Perfect Continuous Tense Rumus: subject + have / has + been + K.Kerja + ing Kita menggunakan Tense ini untuk menjelaskan: Satu kejadian/kegiatan yang baru saja berlangsung Satu perbuatan yang berlangsung hingga sekarang (pada saat bicara masih terjadi) Perhatikan contoh kalimat berikut: +) They have been playing football (Mereka telah sedang bermain sepakbola) -) They have not been playing football (merka telah tidak sedang bermain sepakbola) ?) have they been playing football? ( Apakah merka telah sedang bermain sepakbola?) E. Simple Past Tense Rumus Kalimat Positif: subject + Kata Kerja Bentuk ke - 2 Rumus Kalimat Negatif : subject + did + not + Kata Kerja Bentuk ke - 1 Rumus Kalimat Tanya: Did + subject + Kata Kerja Bentuk ke - 1 Pengecualian: Ketika Predikat suatu kalimat bukan kata kerja, maka pengganti kata kerja tersebut adalah was (I, she, he, it) dan were (we, you, they). Kapan kita memakai Simple Past Tense? Kita memakai Tense ini untuk membicarakan tentang satu perbuatan yang terjadi di masa lampau. Perhatikan contoh kalimat berikut: +) They were student last year (mereka pelajar tahun lalu) -) they were not student last year (mereka bukan pelajar tahun lalu) ?) were they student last year? (apakah mereka pelajar tahun lalu?) F. Past Continuous Tense Rumus: subject + was, were + Kata Kerja + ing Kapan kita menggunakan Tense ini? Tense ini menggambarkan suatu tindakan atau kejadian pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau.
Contoh: +)We were joking. -) We were not joking ?) Were we joking? G. Past Perfect Tense Rumus: had + subject + Kata Kerja Bentuk ke - 3 Kapan kita menggunakan Past Perfect Tense? Tense ini mengekspresikan tindakan di masa lalu sebelum tindakan lain terjadi, namun kejadiannya di masa lampau. Perhatikan: +) I had listen the radio when you come here (aku sudah mendengar radio sebelum kamu datang H. Past Perfect Continuous Tense Rumus: subject + had + been + Kata Kerja + ing Kapan Kita menggunakan Past Perfect Continuous Tense? Tense ini sama pemakaiannya dengan Past Perfect Tense, namun mengekspresikan tindakantindakan yang lebih lama di masa lampau sebelum tindakan lain terjadi. Perhatikan: She had been helping me when they went to scool (dia telah sedang membantu saya ketika mereka telah pergi ke sekolah) I. Simple Future Tense Rumus: subject + WILL/SHALL + Kata Kerja Bentuk I Kapan kita mengunakan Simple Future Tense? a. Tidak Ada Rencana Sebelumnya atau Menyatakan perbuatan/kejadian yang akan dilakukan pada waktu yang akan datang contoh : Hold on. Ill get a pen. b. Prediksi Contoh: It will rain tomorrow. KALIMAT NON-VERBAL Ketika predikat suatu kalimat bukan kata kerja, maka gunakan be untuk menggantikan kata kerja tersebut. Contoh: Ill be in London tomorrow. Catatan:
Ketika kita mempunyai rencana atau keinginan untuk melakukan suatu kegiatan di masa yang akan datang, maka gunakan be going to atau Present Continuous Tense untuk menggantikan will/shall. J. Future Continuous Tense Rumus: subject + WILL + BE + Kata Kerja + ing Kapan kita menggunakan Future Continuous Tense? Tense ini menggambarkan suatu tindakan yang akan terjadi di waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang. Contoh: He will be teaching me at eight tomorrow (dia akan sedang mengajar saya pada jam delapan besok)
K. Future Perfect Tense Rumus: subject + WILL + HAVE + Kata Kerja Bentuk ke 3 Kapan Kita Menggunakan Future Perfect Tense? Tense ini kita pakai untuk menggambarkan suatu kegiatan yang akan terjadi di masa yang akan datang sebelum kegiatan lain terjadi. Contoh: They will be tired when they arrive. .(mereka akan telah lelah ketika mereka datang)
L. Future Perfect Continuous Tense Rumus: Subject + WILL + HAVE + BEEN + Kata Kerja I + ing Kapan kita memakai Future Perfect Continuous Tense? Kita menggunakan Tense ini untuk membicarakan tentang suatu tindakan/kegiatan yang panjang sebelum beberapa saat di masa yang akan datang. Contoh: He will be tired when he arrives. He will have been traveling for 24 hours.
M. Past Future Tense Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan/peristiwa yang akan terjadi diwaktu lampau Rumus: subject + WOULD + Kata Kerja Bentuk I Contoh : She would not be at school tomorrow. (Dia tidak akan ke sekolah besok) N. Past Future Continuous Tense Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang sedang terjadi di waktu lampau. Rumus:
subject + WOULD + BE + Kata Kerja + ing Contoh: We would be having dinner at home yesterday. (kita akan sedang makan malam di rumah kemarin)
O. Past Future Perfect Tense untuk menyatakan suatu prbuatan atau peristiwa yang akan sedang terjadi di waktu lampau Rumus: subject + WOULD + HAVE + Kata Kerja Bentuk ke 3 Contoh: she would have be finished to studied if he had not been lazy (dia akan sudah tamat belajar jika dia tidak malas)
P. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan/peristiwa yang akan sedang terjadi di waktu lampau Rumus: Subject + WOULD + HAVE + BEEN + Kata Kerja I + ing Contoh: We would have been waiting long. (kita akan sudah sedang menunggu lama) KESIMPULAN Rumus Umum Tense adalah sbb: No Tenses Rumus 1 Present Simple Tense S + V1 + dll 2 Present Continuous Tense S + is, am, are + V-ing + dll 3 Present Perfect Tense S + have,has + V3 + dll 4 Present Perfect Continuous Tense S + have, has + been + V-ing + dll 5 Past Simple Tense S + V2 + dll 6 Past Continuous Tense S + was, were + V-ing + dll 7 Past Perfect Tense S + had + V3 + dll 8 Past Perfect Continuous Tense S + had + been + V-ing + dll 9 Future Simple Tense S + will + V1 + dll 10 Future Continuous Tense S + will + be + V-ing + dll 11 Future Perfect Tense S + will + have + V3 + dll 12 Future Perfect Continuous Tense S + will + have + been + V-ing + dll 13 Past Future Simple Tense S + would + V1 + dll 14 Past Future Continuous Tense S + would + be + V-ing + dll 15 Past Future Perfect Tense S + would + have + V3 + dll 16 Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense S + would + have + been + V-ing + dll
VERSI 3.........
16 Pola Tenses dan Conto Kalimatnya
1.
1. Pola Kalimat A. Kalimat Berkata Kerja (+) Subject+Verb 1 (s/es)+Object (-) Subject+do/does not+V1 (?) Do/does+Subject+V1 B. Kalimat Tidak Berkata Kerja (+) Subject+to be+noun, adjective, adverb (-) Subject+to be+not+noun, adjective, adverb (?) To be+Subject+noun, adjective, adverb
2. Contoh Kalimat a. I work in the office b. He catches a bird c. We are happy everytime
3. Kegunaan Simple present tense melukiskan: a. Kejadian, kegiatan, atau peristiwa yang berulang atau kebiasaan yang dilakukan seseorang atau sekelompok orang. Penggunaan tenses ini biasanya dilengkapi dengan adverb of frequency : always, often, usually, never, seldom, sometime, generally, normally, occasionally, hardly, rarely. Tense ini biasa dilengkapi dengan
b. c. d. e.
adverb of time: every day, every week, every morning, once a week, twice a day, three times a year, weekly, monthly. Menyatakan kebenaran umum. Menyatakan agenda harian, mingguan, tahunan. Kenyataan sekarang. Perintah atau suruhan.
1. Pola Kalimat (+) Subject+to be (is/am/are)+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb (-) Subject+to be+not+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb (?) To be+subject+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb
2. Contoh Kalimat a, She is singing at the zoo b. I am studying English 2. Kegunaan a. Menunjukkan suatu kejadian, kegiatan, atau peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung ketika si penutur sedang berbicara. Tense ini biasanya diiringi adverb of time: now, at present, at this moment, right now. b. Pengulangan suatu tindakan yang sama. c. Tindakan yang akan segera dilakukan terutama menyangkut kata kerja gerak: go, come, do, walk, swim, run
1. Pola Kalimat (+) Subject+have/has+been/Verb-3+object, adjective, adverb (-) Subject+have/has+not+been/V-3+object, adjective, adverb (?) Have/has+Subject+V-3+object, adjective, adverb
2. Contoh Kalimat a. I have painted this house b. She has eaten some food in dining room
4. Kegunaan a. Sesuatu yang telah sempurna dilakukan pada saat diucapkan atau kejadian yang baru saja terjadi dan akibatnya masih dapat dirasakan sampai sekarang. Kata keterangan yang sering disisipkan di antaranya: just, already, once, yet, not yet, since b. Menyatakan sesuatu pengalaman c. Menyatakan sesuatu yang telah dimulai dari titik waktu atau selama waktu tertentu dan masih berlanjut hingga sekarang. Biasanya ada keterangan since dan for 4.
1. Pola Kalimat
(+) Subject+have/has+been+Verb-ing+object, adjective, adverb (-) Subject+have/has+not+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb (?) Have/has+been+Subject+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb 2. Contoh Kalimat a. They have been sleeping since ten until now. b. She has been working in the workshop 3. Kegunaan a. Untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang masih berlangsung sampai saat ini (berawal dari satu titik waktu di masa lampau dan berlanjut terus hingga sekarang). Biasanya disisipi keterangan since, for, sinceuntil. b. Untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang belum lama terjadi
5.
1. Pola Kalimat (+) Subject+Verb-2+ object, adjective, adverb (-) Subject+did not+V-1+object, adjective, adverb (?) Did+Subject+Verb-1+object, adjective, adverb
2. Contoh Kalimat 1. We stopped the bus at the bus stop yesterday 2. She wrote letter all day yesterday
4. Kegunaan a. Menunjukan suatu kegiatan yang dilakukan pada waktu tertetu di masa lampau. Tense ini biasanya diiringi kata keterangan waktu: yesterday, last week, last month, a week ago. b. Untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang hanya terjadi satu kali di masa lampau c. Menyatakan suatu kejadian yang dilakukan berulang-ulang di masa lampau
6.
1. Pola Kalimat (+) Subject+be (was/were)+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb (-) Subject+was/were+not+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb (?) Was/were+Subject+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb
2. Kegunaan a. Menunjukkan kegiatan, kejadian yang sedang berlangsung di masa lampau ketika suatu kejadian, kegiatan, atau peristiwa lain terjadi b. Untuk menunjukkan kejadian yang sedang terjadi di masa lampau
2. Kegunaan a. Menunjukkan suatu kegiatan yang sudah dituntaskan di masa lampau sebelum suatu kegiatan lain terjadi b. Menunjukkan suatu kegiatan yang telah selesai dalam waktu tertentu di masa yang telah lalu
1. Pola Kalimat (+) Subject+had+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb (-) Subject+had+not+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb (?) Had+subject+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb 2. Kegunaan a. Menunjukkan suatu peristiwa yang masih berlangsung atau terjadi dalam satu jangka waktu tertentu di masa lampau b. Membicarakan sesuatu yang kejadiannya berlangsung sangat lama, dan masih ada hubungannya dengan satu tertentu di masa lampau c. Membicarakan lama berlangsungnya dari suatu kejadian sebelum suatu kejadian yang lain terjadi di masa lampau
1. Pola Kalimat (+) Subject+will/shall+be/Verb-1+object, adjective, adverb (-) Subject+will/shall+not+be/Verb-1+object, adjective, adverb (?) Will/shall+Subject+be/V-1+object, adjective, adverb
2. Kegunaan a. Menunjukkan suatu kegiatan yang akan terjadi atau mungkin akan dilakukan di masa yang akan datang b. Membicarakan sesuatu yang akan dilakukan pada saat berbicara c. Menawarkan sesuatu d. Menjanjikan sesuatu e. Menyetujui atau menolak sesuatu f. Meminta seseorang untuk melakukan sesuatu
1. Pola Kalimat (+) Subject+will/shall+be+Verb-ing+object, adjective, adverb (-) Subject+will/shall+not+be+Verb-1+object, adjective, adverb (?) Will/shall+Subject+be+V-1+object, adjective, adverb 2. Kegunaan
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang sedang berlangsug atau terjadi pada titik waktu tertentu di masa depan.
o o
This time next week I will be shopping in Malaysia By two oclock next Sunday I will be playing golf
1. Pola Kalimat (+) Subject+will/shall+have+V-3+object, adjective, adverb (-) Subject+will/shall+not+have+Verb-3+object, adjective, adverb (?) Will/shall+Subject+have+V-3+object, adjective, adverb
2. Kegunaan Untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang direncanakan telah tuntas atau dituntaskan di masa yang akan datang. Kata keterangan yang digunakan misalnya: by then, by that time, in five hours, in six years
The Congress will have been over by two oclock tomorrow By the end of this month we shall have arrived I London
1. Pola Kalimat (+) Subject+will/shall+have+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb (-) Subject+will/shall+not+have+been+Verb-ing+object, adj, adverb (?) Will/shall+Subject+have+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb
2. Kegunaan Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kajadian atau peristiwa yang masih berlangsung dalam jangka waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang
2. Contoh Kalimat
I would buy a new house You would get wet If I were you, I wouldnt do that
2. Contoh Kalimat
2. Contoh Kalimat
If I had worked harder I would have passed the exam If I hadnt helped you, you would have failed
2. Contoh Kalimat